Deterioro del aprendizaje visoespacial en la enfermedad de Parkinson

  1. Galtier Hernández, Iván
  2. Nieto Barco, María Antonieta
  3. Barroso Ribal, José
  4. Norelis Lorenzo, Jesús
Revista:
Psicothema

ISSN: 0214-9915

Año de publicación: 2009

Volumen: 21

Número: 1

Páginas: 21-26

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Psicothema

Resumen

A pesar del hecho de que en la Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) se han encontrado alteraciones en diferentes procesos mnésicos, la capacidad de aprendizaje espacial es aún un aspecto poco estudiado. Nuestro objetivo es estudiar el estado de la capacidad de aprendizaje visoespacial y verbal en una muestra de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson, sin demencia, en estadio leve-moderado, y analizar la posible influencia de la velocidad de procesamiento, funciones atencionales, memoria de trabajo y percepción visoespacial. Los pacientes (N= 20) rindieron significativamente peor que los controles (N= 20) en Localización Espacial, Juicio de Orientación de Líneas (JOLT) y 8/30 SRT. No se observaron diferencias en el resto de funciones evaluadas. El análisis de regresión mostró que el rendimiento en Localización Espacial y el JOLT explican un 58,2% de la varianza de la curva de aprendizaje visoespacial. Nuestros resultados ponen de manifiesto una alteración temprana en la EP de la percepción y memoria de trabajo visoespacial y, debido en gran medida a estas alteraciones primarias, un déficit de aprendizaje espacial. Estos resultados sugieren una amplia afectación de los procesos visoespaciales, explicable por la disfunción de los circuitos córtico-estriatales que implican tanto al córtex prefrontal como al córtex parietal posterior.

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