The use of critical speech acts in Psychology and Chemistry research papers

  1. Anna Fagan
  2. Pedro Martín Martín
Revista:
Ibérica: Revista de la Asociación Europea de Lenguas para Fines Específicos ( AELFE )

ISSN: 1139-7241

Año de publicación: 2004

Número: 8

Páginas: 125-137

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Ibérica: Revista de la Asociación Europea de Lenguas para Fines Específicos ( AELFE )

Resumen

En la actualidad, la delimitación de un hueco epistemológico ha llegado a constituir un elemento primordial en el mundo académico donde la presión por publicar obliga a los académicos a justificar la publicación de sus artículos de investigación en los que presentan sus nuevas reivindicaciones científicas a los otros miembros de la comunidad científica. Esto se manifiesta principalmente por medio de la indicación de una laguna existente o la confrontación con las ideas que han sostenido otros investigadores en concreto o la comunidad científica en general. Este "conflicto académico" (CA) se expresa mediante el uso de actos de habla críticos cuya expresión retórica oscila desde la crítica más directa hasta el uso de elementos matizadores. En este estudio presentamos una taxonomía para la descripción de las opciones retóricas que utilizan los académicos para la realización de los actos de habla críticos, y aplicamos esta taxonomía en el análisis de 50 artículos pertenecientes a dos disciplinas de dos áreas diferenciadas: Psicología y Química. Los resultados obtenidos de este análisis han revelado que el CA se manifiesta con mayor frecuencia de uso en Psicología que en Química, no sólo en el número total de casos de CA, sino también en el número de artículos, por lo que el CA parece ser una estrategia retórica importante para los escritores en Psicología, aunque no tanto en Química. Por otra parte, ambas disciplinas muestran un alto nivel de similitud con respecto al uso general de opciones retóricas (explicitación del emisor de la crítica, crítica directa/indirecta y crítica personal/impersonal); sin embargo, al combinar estas variables, se encontraron diferencias significativas: los investigadores en Psicología tienden a expresar la crítica de forma implícita, directa y personal, mientras que en Química se tiende a expresar de forma impersonal

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