Reasoning with Exceptive ConditionalsThe case of ‘Except If’

  1. O. Espino 1
  2. I. Sánchez-Curbelo 1
  3. G.M. Ramírez 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Revista:
Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

ISSN: 1576-8597

Año de publicación: 2015

Volumen: 36

Número: 1

Páginas: 99-122

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Psicológica: Revista de metodología y psicología experimental

Resumen

En esta investigación presentamos una adaptación de la teoría de modelos mentales (Johnson-Laird & Byrne, 1991, 2002) que trata de explicar cómo las personas razonan con el condicional excepto si. Se realizaron dos experimentos que mostraron que el condicional exceptivo excepto si ejerce ciertos tipos de modulación semántica y determina las inferencias que los individuos elaboran en una tarea de inferencia (Experimento 1) y de tablas de verdad (Experimento 2). En el Experimento 1 encontramos que no hay diferencias entre el porcentaje de Modus Ponens y Modus Tollens en el condicional excepto si pero sí son significativas para el condicional si no, entonces. En el Experimento 2, los participantes seleccionaron más frecuentemente las posibilidades ‘A y no-B’ y ‘no-A y B’ que las posibilidades ‘A y B’ y ‘no-A y no-B’ en el condicional ‘B excepto si A’, mientras que con el condicional ‘B si no A’ y ‘si no A, B’ seleccionaron más frecuentemente la posibilidad ‘no-A y B’ que las otras posibilidades (‘A y no-B’, ‘A y B’, ‘no-A y no-B’). Las implicaciones de estos resultados se discuten en el contexto de las teorías psicológicas y lingüísticas recientes referentes al significado de excepto si.

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