Frozen ground and snow cover monitoring in Livingston and Deception islands, Antarcticapreliminary results of the 2015-2019 PERMASNOW project

  1. M. A. de Pablo 1
  2. J. J. Jiménez 1
  3. M. Ramos 1
  4. M. Prieto 1
  5. A. Molina 2
  6. G. Vieira 4
  7. M.A. Hidalgo 1
  8. S. Fernández 3
  9. C. Recondo 3
  10. J. F. Calleja 3
  11. J. J. Peón 3
  12. A. Corbea Pérez 3
  13. C.N. Maior 1
  14. M. Morales 1
  15. C. Mora 4
  1. 1 Universidad de Alcalá
    info

    Universidad de Alcalá

    Alcalá de Henares, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04pmn0e78

  2. 2 Centro de Astrobiología
    info

    Centro de Astrobiología

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/038szmr31

  3. 3 Universidad de Oviedo
    info

    Universidad de Oviedo

    Oviedo, España

    ROR https://ror.org/006gksa02

  4. 4 Universidade de Lisboa
    info

    Universidade de Lisboa

    Lisboa, Portugal

    ROR https://ror.org/01c27hj86

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Revista:
Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

ISSN: 0211-6820,  1697-9540

Año de publicación: 2020

Volumen: 46

Número: 1

Páginas: 187-222

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.18172/CIG.4381 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cuadernos de investigación geográfica: Geographical Research Letters

Resumen

Desde el año 2006, nuestro equipo de investigación ha ido estableciendo, en las islas Livingston y Decepción, en el archipiélago de las Shetland del Sur, Antártida, varias estaciones de monitorización del espesor de la capa activa, dentro de la red internacional Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM), y del régimen térmico de los suelos para la red Ground Terrestrial Network-Permafrost (GTN-P). Ambas redes resultan de grupos de trabajo de la Asociación Internacional del Permafrost (IPA). En las estaciones GTN-P, además de la temperatura del aire, suelo, y terreno a distintas profundidades, se monitoriza, mediante termonivómetros, el espesor de la cubierta nival. Desde el año 2006 se ha ido observado un retraso en la desaparición de la capa de nieve, lo que podría explicar las variaciones que estábamos midiendo en el espesor y temperatura de la capa activa y el permafrost. Por ello, a finales de 2015 iniciamos el proyecto PERMASNOW (2015-2019) para estudiar el efecto de la capa de nieve en el régimen térmico del suelo. Este proyecto incluía dos vías para el estudio de la nieve. Por un lado, a principios de 2017 se desplegaron nuevos instrumentos en nuestras zonas de estudio, incluyendo cámaras fotográficas automáticas, termonivómetros con mayor número de sensores y un conjunto de sensores que configuran una estación para la observación de 3 variables atmosféricas y de la cubierta nival. Utilizamos los datos adquiridos a lo largo de los años 2017 y 2018 por estos nuevos instrumentos y sensores, junto con los de los demás instrumentos previamente existentes en nuestras estaciones GTN-P, para estudiar en detalle la cubierta de nieve. Por otro lado, se utilizó la teledetección para tratar de cartografiar dicha cubierta nival, no sólo en nuestras estaciones, sino también en la totalidad de estas islas con el fin conocer la distribución de la cubierta de nieve, y abrir así la vía a la futura cartografía de la distribución del permafrost en las mismas. Se utilizaron temperaturas superficiales y albedo derivadas del instrumento MODIS para detectar la cubierta de nieve y para analizar la temperatura superficial. Por otro lado, debido a la limitación de los sensores ópticos en esta región nubosa, también se utilizaron datos de radar Terrasar X. Para el análisis de datos de teledetección se tomaron datos in situ (verdad terreno) como cartografía de la capa nival, catas de nieve, mediciones de albedo, etc. Aunque el proyecto está terminado, el análisis de datos todavía está en curso. Aquí presentamos las diferentes tareas de investigación que estamos desarrollando, así como los resultados más importantes que ya hemos obtenido sobre la cubierta de nieve, que confirman cómo la duración de la cubierta de nieve ha ido cambiando en los últimos años, y está afectando al comportamiento térmico del suelo.

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Información de financiación

This work has been supported by funds from the Ministry of Economy of the Government of Spain by the Polar Research Program (PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R) and the PERMATHERMAL arrangement between the University of Alcalá, the Spanish Institute of Geology and Mining, and the Spanish Polar Committee for the maintenance of the monitoring stations in Deception and Livingston Islands. We thank to the 2016-2017, 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 crews of Gabriel de Castilla and Juan Carlos I Spanish Antarctic Stations in Deception and Livingston Islands respectively for their support on the development of the field tasks of the PERMASNOW project. Part of this research was possible thank to the Research Agreement with the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt (German Government) for the acquisition of TerraSAR X images. Authors want to thank to the two anonymous referees for their useful comments that helped to improve the manuscript.

Financiadores

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet