Robust Virtue Epistemology and the Ontology of Complete Competences
ISSN: 1575-6866
Ano de publicación: 2021
Número: 54
Páxinas: 489-510
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Logos: Anales del Seminario de Metafísica
Resumo
In Judgment and Agency, Ernest Sosa argues for a triple-S structure of complete competences that includes, besides the innermost seat competence of the agent, her overall intrinsic condition (shape) and the right situational factors for the manifestation of cognitive success to occur. Complete competences are context-sensitive. The question is raised whether epistemic competences are extrinsic or intrinsic dispositional properties, as well as whether knowledge is the manifestation of powers of the actual world or whether it is a matter of what happens in modally close worlds. An ontological background for the context-sensitivity of epistemic competences that is compatible with their intrinsic character is set in the context of a general account of dispositions. An actualist conception of knowledge is also provided. On this view, the modal force of knowledge, far from being captured by non-localized possibilities, is rooted in the directedness of powers. This article, thus, aims at making explicit the ontological underpinnings of knowledge in a way that it is consistent with Sosa’s fully dispositional virtue epistemology. To this end, the constitution of complete competences is placed in a proper perspective.
Información de financiamento
This article has been funded by the following Research Projects: «Epistemology of Religious Belief: Wittgenstein, Grammar and the Contemporary World» (PTDC/FER-FIL/32203/2017. Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology-FCT). «Vulnerabilidad cognitiva, verosimilitud y verdad» (FFI2017-84826-P. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Programa Estatal de Fomento de la Investigación Científica y Técnica de Excelencia. Gobierno de España). «Points of View, Dispositions, and Time. Perspectives in a World of Dispositions» (FFI2014– 57409–R. Gobierno de España. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Programa Estatal de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación). Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca / University of Edinburgh modestomga@hotmail.comFinanciadores
Referencias bibliográficas
- BonJour, L.; Sosa, E.: Epistemic Justification. Internalism vs. Externalism, Foundations vs. Virtues, Oxford, Blackwell, 2003.
- Fara, M.: “Masked Abilities and Compatibilism”, Mind, 117(468), 2008, pp. 843-865. doi: http://doi.org/10.1093/mind/fzn078
- Haddock, A.; Millar, A.; Pritchard, D.: The Nature and Value of Knowledge: Three Investigations, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2010.
- Heil, J.: The Universe as We Find It, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 2012.
- Johnston, M.: “How to Speak of the Colors”, Philosophical Studies, 68(3), 1992, pp. 221-263. doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00694847
- Kallestrup, J.; Pritchard, D.: “Dispositional Robust Virtue Epistemology versus Anti-luck Virtue Epistemology”, in M.A. Fernández Vargas (ed.), Performance Epistemology: Foundations and Applications, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp. 31-50.
- Lehrer, K.; Cohen, S.: “Justification, Truth, and Coherence”, Synthese, 55(2), 1983, pp. 191- 207. doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00485068
- Lewis, D.: “Finkish Dispositions”, The Philosophical Quarterly, 47(187), 1997, pp. 143-158. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9213.00052
- Lowe, E.J.: “How Not to Think of Powers: A Deconstruction of the ‘Dispositions and Conditionals’ Debate”, The Monist, 94(1), 2011, pp. 19-33. doi: http://doi.org/10.5840/monist20119412
- Manley, D.; Wasserman, R.: “A Gradable Approach to Dispositions”, The Philosophical Quarterly, 57(226), 2007, pp. 68-75. doi: http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9213.2007.469.x
- Martin, C.B.: The Mind in Nature, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 2008.
- McKitrick, J.: “A Case for Extrinsic Dispositions”, Australasian Journal of Philosophy, 81(2), 2003, pp. 155-174. doi: http://doi.org/10.1080/713659629
- Millar, A.: “Abilities, Competences, and Fallibility”, in M.A. Fernández Vargas (ed.), Performance Epistemology: Foundations and Applications, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2016, pp. 62-82.
- Molnar, G.: Powers: A Study in Metaphysics, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 2003. Pritchard, D.: Knowledge, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.
- Pritchard, D.: “Anti-luck Virtue Epistemology”, The Journal of Philosophy, 109(3), 2012, pp. 247-279. doi: http://doi.org/10.5840/jphil201210939
- Sextus Empiricus: Against the Logicians, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005. Smith, A.D.: “Dispositional Properties”, Mind, 86(343), 1977, pp. 439-445. http://doi. org/10.1093/mind/LXXXVI.343.439
- Sosa, E.: Knowing Full Well, Princeton & Oxford, Princeton University Press, 2011. Sosa, E.: Judgment and Agency, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2015.
- Vihvelin, K.: “Free Will Demystified: A Dispositionalist Account”, Philosophical Topics, 32 (1/2), 2004, pp. 427-450. doi: http://doi.org/10.5840/philtopics2004321/211