La población gitana está poco sensibilizada hacia la donación de órganosestudio nacional español

Abstract

Introduction: Organ transplantation is in cases of irreversible damage to an organ and irrecoverable loss of its function, the only alternative to be able to regain health. However, the main limiting factor to this therapy is the absence of organs for transplantation. To reduce family refusals to organ donation, strongly influenced by different psychosocial factors, we must investigate the attitude and knowledge of the variables that influence donation, especially in social groups with negative attitude, such as the gypsy ethnic group. The objective is to know the attitude towards own organs donation for transplantation after death among the Spanish gypsy population aged 15 years or older and analyze the psychosocial variables that condition this attitude. Material and methods: Spanish Observational cross-sectional study in roma population aged 15 years or older, stratified by age and gender. A sample size of 1253 was estimated. As a measurement instrument, a validated questionnaire of attitude towards donation was used (“PCID-DTO Ríos”: Questionnaire of the International Collaborative Donor Project). For the statistical analysis, the student's test, the chi-square test and a logistic regression analysis were used. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 228 of 1.253 respondents, which implies an 18.2% degree of completion with 81.8% losses. The opinion towards own organs donation after death is favorable in 42.1% of the questionnaires obtained (n=96), with 27.6% against (n=63) and 30.3% undecided (n=69). Due to low compliance, one of the objectives was to find out the reasons for refusal. 97.9% of those who do not fill in, argue fear to talk about death and donation. Considering that those who have not completed the questionnaire for fear of death and organ donation, do not have a favorable attitude towards donating their own organs, the results would be as follows: 7.7% (n = 96) in favor of organ donation, compared to 90.7% (n = 1.136) who presented an unfavorable attitude. Mean age of the respondents was 35.4 ± 14.4 years. The following variables were associated with attitude towards donation: age (p=0.029), gender (p=0,018), educational level (p<0,001), previous experience with donation and transplantation among friends or family (p<0,001), believe you may need a transplant in the future (p<0,001), knowledge of the couple's attitude towards the donation process (p=0,002), carrying out prosocial or charitable activities (p<0,001), knowledge of the attitude of own religion towards organ donation and transplantation (p=0,007), fear of possible mutilation of the body after donation (p=0,007), the acceptance of cremation of the body after death (p=0,004), and accepting an autopsy if necessary (p<0,001). Conclusions: The Roma population has an unfavorable attitude towards donating their own organs for transplantation, shows a majority rejection for talking death and organ donation after death. More than 90% express fear of talking about death or an unfavorable attitude towards donating their own organs. The psychosocial profile of the gypsy who has a favorable attitude towards organ donation for transplantation is a woman, with university studies, who knows someone among her friends and family with previous experience in donation and organ transplant, carry out prosocial or charitable activities, religious, knows the favorable position of her religion towards organ donation and has no fear the possible mutilation of the body after the donation process.