Alcohol and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF)

  1. Martín-González, Candelaria 1
  2. González-Arnay, Emilio 1
  3. Fernández-Rodríguez, Camino María 1
  4. García-Rodríguez, Alen
  5. González-Reimers, Emilio 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Laguna
    info

    Universidad de La Laguna

    San Cristobal de La Laguna, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01r9z8p25

Libro:
Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions

Editorial: Springer

ISBN: 9783030679286,  9783030679286

Año de publicación: 2021

Páginas: 1-27

Tipo: Capítulo de Libro

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_182-1 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, heavily involved in hippocampal neurogenesis, dendritogenesis, synaptogenesis, and synaptic plasticity and stability, therefore playing a key role in learning process and memory formation. These effects depend on the mature form of the molecule that binds to the TRKB receptor. The pro-molecule, which contains both the mature form and the BDNF prodomain, induces apoptosis and long-term depression after binding to the p75 NTR receptor. Mature BDNF plays major roles in addiction, increasing after acute slight to moderate drinking, but exerting a regulatory effect on alcohol drinking. Chronic ingestion and/or inebriation decrease BDNF expression and may disrupt this homeostatic mechanism. In addition to the neurologic effects, BDNF is a major regulator of energy balance, since it decreases appetite and increases thermogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose uptake. Exercise, learning, episodic fasting, and environmental enrichment increase BDNF expression and secretion, lending support to the beneficial effect of exercise on the maintenance of cognitive functions. It keeps an inverse relationship with inflammation. BDNF muscle expression increases after exercise and optimizes the metabolic status of the muscle fiber. BDNF levels are reduced in various neurodegenerative disorders. The frequently observed brain atrophy, muscle atrophy-impeding exercise, and inflammatory status observed in excessive drinkers may alter BDNF expression and secretion, although some disparate results have been reported. The possible pathogenetic role of BDNF on muscle and/or brain atrophy in these patients needs future research.

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