Bases neurales y variaciones epigenéticas en el maltrato materno por negligencia

  1. Inmaculada León 1
  2. María Antonieta Bobes-León 2
  3. Silvia Herrero-Roldán 3
  4. María José Rodrigo López 3
  1. 1 Instituto Universitario de Neurociencias, Universidad de La Laguna(Tenerife, España)
  2. 2 Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba (La Habana, Cuba
  3. 3 Universidad de La Laguna (Tenerife, España)
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Revista:
EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación
  1. Ostrosky Shejet, Feggy (coord.)

ISSN: 1579-0207

Ano de publicación: 2023

Título do exemplar: "La violencia: Psicopatía, empatía y tratamientos"

Volume: 20

Número: 1

Páxinas: 22-43

Tipo: Artigo

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Outras publicacións en: EduPsykhé: Revista de psicología y educación

Resumo

Maternal negligence is a kind of child abuse that is more frequent than sexual and physical abuse. Various researchers have determined risk factors more closely associated to this problem: parent´s history, for instance, antisocial and criminal behavior; having been subjected to physical or having been diagnosed with psychiatric problems or having suffered abuse or neglect during childhood. In this sense, child maltreatment becomes a transgenerational phenomenon. Brain dysfunctions may also be present, since suffering child abuse also involves emotional, cognitive, neuroendocrine, and behavioral alterations, as well as adverse effects in brain development. The objective of this article is to describe the various findings regarding psychologic, neurologic, and epigenetic profiles of mothers exhibiting negligent behaviors compared to mothers of the same age, sociocultural, and economic status who do not exhibit these behaviors. Using various techniques, such as event related potentials, structural and functional magnetic resonance, and genetic analyses it has been found that negligent mothers present a deficit of response toward emotional stimuli, especially in the context of social interaction, and how they respond to children's cries. Similarly, changes of gray and white matter have been identified, which are correlated to psychological measurements such anhedonia. Finally, epigenetic changes related to negligent behavior have also been registered in candidate genes related to how they react to stress, such NR3C1, FKBP5, AND SLC6A4. The social impact of this study line could be directed toward improving the attention these mothers receive in child and health protection services. And/or in the prevention of these problems, if more attention is given to better profile their early diagnosis and their treatment.

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