Evolución de las intoxicaciones agudas por productos químicos en el quinquenio 2015-2019, registradas por el Sistema Español de Toxicovigilancia (SETv)
- González-Díaz, Aceysele 1
- Matos-Castro, Sebastián 2
- Arruabarrena Urrestarazu, Nerea 1
- González Valladares, Elsa 1
- Molina Padilla, Sara 1
- Ferrer Dufol, Ana 3
- Nogué Xarau, Santiago 4
- Pinillos Echeverría, Miguel Ángel 4
- Climent Díaz, Benjamin 5
- Bajo Bajo, Ángel 6
- Puiguriguer Ferrando, Jordi 7
- Dueñas Laita, Antonio 8
- Burillo-Putze, Guillermo 9
- 1 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea Canarias, Tenerife, España.
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea Canarias, Tenerife, España. RIAPAD. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones.
- 3 Fundación Española de Toxicología Clínica, Zaragoza, España. Unidad de Toxicología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.
- 4 Fundación Española de Toxicología Clínica, Zaragoza, España.
- 5 Fundación Española de Toxicología Clínica, Zaragoza, España. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, España.
- 6 Fundación Española de Toxicología Clínica, Zaragoza, España. Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, España.
- 7 Fundación Española de Toxicología Clínica, Zaragoza, España. Servicio de Urgencias y Unidad de Toxicología Clínica, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España.
- 8 RIAPAD. Red de Investigación en Atención Primaria de Adicciones. Fundación Española de Toxicología Clínica, Zaragoza, España. Unidad Regional de Toxicología Clínica, Hospital Universitario del Río Ortega, Universidad de Valladolid, España.
- 9 Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Europea Canarias, Tenerife, España. Fundación Española de Toxicología Clínica, Zaragoza, España.
ISSN: 2951-6552, 2951-6544
Ano de publicación: 2023
Volume: 2
Número: 1
Páxinas: 30-35
Tipo: Artigo
Outras publicacións en: Revista Española de Urgencias y Emergencias
Resumo
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE. The epidemiology of acute poisoning cases can shed light on how these events change over time so that preventive measures can be proposed. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of chemical poisonings treated in emergency rooms cooperating with the Spanish Toxicovigilance System (SETv). MATERIAL AND METHODS. Descriptive observational study of poisonings due to chemical products found in homes, workplaces, or industrial plants that were registered with the SETv in the 5 years from 2015 through 2019 after treatment in 22 hospitals in 9 Spanish autonomous communities. We analyzed data for variables in the following categories: demographic (age, sex), cause (suicide; homicide; or exposure in the home, workplace or other setting), poison (toxic, irritant, or other gases; detergents; solvents; cosmetics; pesticides; caustic substances; metals; and other), route of exposure (mouth, respiratory system, skin, eye), initial symptom (neurologic, dermatologic, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, kidney, other), severity, and clinical course (hospitalization, discharge, death). RESULTS. A total of 5709 cases were registered; 47.3% of the patients were women. The mean (SD) patient age was 38.05 (23.54) years. Accidental exposure in the home accounted for 77.2% of the cases. Workplace exposures and suicides were significantly more frequent in men (P < .001). Toxic gases were implicated in 44.2% of the cases; the next most frequent categories were caustic substances (18%), irritant gases (11.7%), and detergents (7.4%). The most common route of exposure was the respiratory tract (in 45.6%), and the most frequent symptoms involved the nervous system (24.1%). Patients presented in serious condition in 6.8% of the cases, and 13.3% were hospitalized. Patients spent a mean of 0.75 (3.54) hours in the emergency department. Mortality was 0.93%, and 85.3% of patients could be discharged home. CONCLUSION. Chemical poisoning occurs mainly in the home. Most cases are unintentional, and the culprit substance is usually a toxic gas.