Estado de salud periodontal en pacientes hemofílicos

Zusammenfassung

Introduction: Haemorrhage is a common occurrence in dentistry, a frequent situation in haemophilic patients. Few studies have evaluated the periodontal health of these patients, in whom viral infections, transmitted by blood transfusions, may be associated. The aim of this study is to describe the periodontal health status of haemophilia patients and their dental treatment needs. Material and Methods. Prospective observational study of cases (n=78) and controls (n=156) of haemophilia patients living in the province of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. All subjects underwent a dental examination by a single investigator, following the WHO Oral Health Measurement Format, assessing periodontal status. The Community Periodontal Treatment Needs Index (CPITN) was used for periodontal treatment needs. Four groups were used: haemophiliacs with negative viral markers, haemophiliacs with HIV, haemophiliacs with hepatitis virus, and controls with negative viral markers. Results. There were significant differences in the presence of a pouch larger than 5.5 mm between haemophiliacs and controls (p= 0.003). There was no difference in periodontal health status when physiological and pathological values were grouped together (p= 0.063). Patients with haemophilia and HIV disease have a worse periodontal status than those in the control group with negative viral markers (p= 0,063). In periodontal treatment needs, significant differences were only found in haemophiliacs, who need more complex TN3 treatments than controls (p= 0.012). HaemophiliaHIV and haemophilia-hepatitis patients needed more complex periodontal treatment (TN 2, TN 3) than haemophilia patients with negative viral markers and the MV- control group (p<0.05). Conclusions. Haemophilia is not associated with poorer oral health. However, having HIV or hepatitis associated with haemophilia leads to a general deterioration of the oral cavity.