Determination of compounds with endocrine disrupting activity using advanced analytical techniques combined with conventional and/or alternative extraction techniques in environmental and agri-food samples

Resumen

In this PhD Thesis, new sustainable analytical methodologies have been developed to determine a broad group of endocrine-disrupting compounds, including phthalates, alkylphenols, ethoxylated alkylphenols, bisphenols, and pesticides, in environmental and agri-food samples. Different extraction techniques have been developed with this objective, including magnetic-dispersive solid-phase extraction using reduced-graphene oxide magnetic nanoparticles, solid-liquid extraction using natural deep eutectic solvents, liquid-liquid microextraction using both hydrophilic and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents, and the QuEChERS method. These extraction procedures have been combined with high-performance liquid chromatography, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography, nano-liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography coupled to diode array, ultraviolet, mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry detectors for the separation and determination of the analytes of interest.