Consecuencias en el desarrollo infantil derivadas de la pandemia por covid-19revisión integrativa de literatura

  1. Quezada-Ugalde, Ana María 1
  2. García-Hernández, Alfonso Miguel 1
  3. Maya-Barrios, José Alfonso 2
  4. Auza-Benavides, Alejandra 2
  1. 1 Universidad de La Laguna, España
  2. 2 Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, México
Revista:
Aquichan

ISSN: 1657-5997,  2027-5374

Año de publicación: 2023

Volumen: 23

Número: 3

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5294/AQUI.2023.23.3.2 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Aquichan

Resumen

Introducción: la pandemia por la covid-19 disminuyó las posibilidades de generar espacios estimulantes para el desarrollo de los niños, puesto que todos los sistemas con los que interactúa un niño en desarrollo se vieron impactados. Objetivo: identificar la evidencia científica que hay sobre los efectos en el desarrollo infantil en menores de 5 años que convivieron con sus padres y madres durante las medidas de distanciamiento social tomadas por causa de la covid-19. Método: revisión integrativa guiada por el marco propuesto por Whittemore y Knafl, y The Prisma Statement, para consultar las bases de datos: Medline, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Scielo, con una búsqueda realizada en inglés, utilizando los descriptores: “child development”, “growth and development”, “parenting”, “teleworking”, “infant care”, “home nursing”, “social isolation”, “coronavirus infections”, “COVID-19”. Los criterios de elegibilidad: estudios cuantitativos o cualitativos que abordaran los efectos directos de la pandemia en niños menores de 5 años; y de exclusión: artículos con población de niñez con trastornos del desarrollo diagnosticados o discapacidad. Resultados: fueron incluidos 17 artículos, cuyos hallazgos se clasifican en las categorías: exposición a estímulos de riesgo, privación de estímulos y exposición a estímulos protectores. Se revela que el estrés parental, la ausencia de juego y una menor exposición a interacciones promotoras del desarrollo se vinculan con alteraciones en el procesamiento cognitivo, emocional y de aprendizaje, y tuvieron un impacto negativo en el desarrollo motriz y del lenguaje. Conclusión: la evidencia sugiere que el distanciamiento social puede ser la causa principal en la aparición de retrasos en el desarrollo infantil, en sus áreas: motriz, de lenguaje, cognitivo y socioemocional.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet