Estrés migratorio y bienestar subjetivo en menores migrantes no acompañados

  1. Eduardo Acosta
  2. Eduardo Martín
Journal:
Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria

ISSN: 1139-1723

Year of publication: 2024

Issue: 44

Pages: 189-216

Type: Article

DOI: 10.7179/PSRI_2024.44.11 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Pedagogía social: revista interuniversitaria

Abstract

Unaccompanied migrant children (UMC) represent a group that shares the status of an irregular migrant and a minor and who are exposed to multiple stressors that interfere with their integration in the host country. In addition, their arrival in waves generates enormous pressure on the Child Protection System (CPS), which is often forced to focus on covering the most basic needs and cannot meet other equally important needs. This study aims to determine the levels of well-being and migratory stress suffered by UMC, as well as the factors that affect these two variables. Forty-four UMS completed the Personal Well- Being Index (PWI) and the Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale (BISS). The results indicate that UMC suffer from migratory stress, especially intercultural general stress, and their levels of well-being are lower than those of other adolescents. The results show that the two variables are closely related, as high levels of stress are associated with a decrease in well-being. Variables such as the family’s situation, length of stay, having proper documentation and training are essential for improving well-being and reducing migratory stress. These results are interpreted and discussed regarding previous research in this field and proposals for intervention with this group.

Bibliographic References

  • Ato, M. y Vallejo, G. (2015). Diseños de investigación en psicología. Pirámide.
  • Bravo, A., Martín, E. y Del Valle, J. F. (2023). The changing character of residential care for children and youth in Spain. En J. Whittaker, L. Holmes, J. F. Del Valle y S. James (eds.), Revitalizing residential care for children and youth: cross-national trends and challenges (pp. 179-192). Oxford University Press.
  • Bravo, A. y Santos, I. (2017). Menores extranjeros no acompañados en España: necesidades y modelos de intervención [Asylum-seeking children in Spain: Needs and intervention models]. Psychosocial Intervention, 26(1), 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2015.12.001
  • Butterworth, S., Singh, S. P., Birchwood, M., Islam, Z., Munro, E., Vostanis, P., …Simkiss, D. (2017). Transitioning care-leavers with mental health needs: ‘they set you up to fail!’ Child and Adolescent Mental Health 22, 138–147. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12171
  • Campbell, A., Converse, P. E. y Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: Perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Russell Sage Foundation.
  • Casas, F., Bello, A., González, M. y Aligué, M. (2013). Children’s subjective well-being measured using a composite index: what impacts Spanish first-year secondary education students’ subjective well-being? Child Indicators Research, 6(3), 433–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9182-x
  • Collazos, F., Qureshi, A., Antonín, M. y Tomás-Sábato, J. (2008). Estrés aculturativo y salud mental en la población inmigrante [Acculturative stress and mental health in the inmigrant population]. Papeles del Psicólogo, 29(3), 307-315.
  • Cummins, R. A. y Lau, A. L. (2005). Personal wellbeing index – School children. Manual (3rd ed., pp. 74-93). School of Psychology, Deakin University.
  • Devenney, K. (2020). ‘My own blood’: family relationships of unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people in the UK. Families, Relationships and Societies, 9(2), 183-199. https://doi.org/10.1332/204674318X15394355767055
  • Fernández-Simo, D., Carrera-Fernández, M. V., Cid-Fernández, X. M. y Correia, E. (2023). Effective strategies for socio-educational intervention during the process of transition to adult life of unaccompanied minors from Africa. Child and Family Social Work, 28(2), 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12963
  • Frounfelker, R. L., Miconi, D., Farrar, J., Brooks, M. A., Rousseau, C. y Betancourt, T. S. (2020). Mental health of refugee children and youth: epidemiology, interventions, and future directions. Annual Review of Public Health, 41, 159-176. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094230
  • Gladwell, C. (2021). The impact of educational achievement on the integration and wellbeing of Afghan refugee youth in the UK. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(21), 4914-4936. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369183X.2020.1724424
  • González-García, C., Águila-Otero, A., Montserrat, C., Lázaro, S., Martín, E., Del Valle, J. F. y Bravo, A. (2022). Subjective well-being of young people in therapeutic residential care from a gender perspective. Child Indicators Research, 15(1), 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-021-09870-9
  • Gullo, F., García-Alba, L., Bravo, A. y Del Valle, J. F. (2021). Crossing countries and crossing ages: The difficult transition to adulthood of unaccompanied migrant care leavers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 6935. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136935
  • Herrera-Pastor, D., Ruiz-Román, C., Bernedo-Muñoz, I. y Crecente-Dopena, M. (2022). Acompañamiento socioeduca-tivo y resiliencia en jóvenes migrantes extutelados: una aproximación desde las oportunidades, los sueños y los apoyos [Socio-educational accompaniment and resilience in exprotected young migrants: an approach base don opportunities, dreams and supports] Pedagogía Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 41, 15-27. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2022.41.01
  • Hodges, M., Vasquez, M. M., Anagnostopoulos, D., Trianafyllou, K., Abdelhady, D., Weiss, K., Koposov, R., Cuhadaroglu, F., Hebebrand, J. y Skokauskas, N. (2018). Refugees in Europe: national overviews from key countries with a special focus on child and adolescent mental health. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 27, 389-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1094-8
  • Inofuentes, R. A., De la Fuente, L., Ortega, E. y García-García, J. (2022). Victimización y problemas de conducta exter-nalizante y antisocial en menores extranjeros no acompañados en Europa: Revisión sistemática [Victimization and externalizing and antisocial behavior problems in unaccompanied foreign minors in Europe: Systematic review]. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 32, 95-106. https://doi.org/10.5093/apj2021a24
  • IOM (2021). Global migration indicators 2021. International Organization for Migration.
  • Ivert, A. K. y Magnusson, M. M. (2020). Drug use and criminality among unaccompanied refugee minors: a review of the literature. International Journal of Migration, Health and Social Care, 16(1), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMHSC-05-2019-0050
  • Kauhanen, I. y Kaukko, M. (2020). Recognition in the lives of unaccompanied children and youth: a review of key European literature. Child and Family Social Work, 25(4), 875-883. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12772
  • Kauhanen, I., Kaukko, M. y Lanas, M. (2022). Pockets of love. Unaccompanied children in institutional care in Finland. Children and Youth Services Review. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106621
  • Kien, C., Sommer, I., Faustmann, A., Gibson, L., Schneider, M., Krczal, E., Jank, R., Klerings, I., Szelag, M, Kerschner, B., Brattström, P. y Gatlehner, G. (2019). Prevalence of mental disorders in young refugees and asylum seekers in European Countries: a systematic review. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28, 1295-1310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1215-z
  • King, D. y Said, G. (2019). Working with unaccompanied asylum-seeking young people: cultural considerations and ac-ceptability of a cognitive behavioural group approach. Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 12, e12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1754470X18000260
  • Lau, A. L. D., Cummins, R. A. y McPherson, W. (2005). An investigation into the cross-cultural equivalence of the personal wellbeing index. Social Indicators Research, 72, 403-430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-004-0561-z
  • Llosada-Gistau, J., Casas, F. y Montserrat, C. (2017). What matters in for the subjective Well-Being of children in care? Child Indicators Research, 10(3), 735–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-016-9405-z
  • Llosada-Gistau, J., Montserrat, C. y Casas, F. (2015). The subjective well-being of adolescents in residential care com-pared to that of the general population. Children and Youth Services Review, 52, 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.11.007
  • López-Martín, E. y Ardura-Martínez, D. (2023). El tamaño del efecto en la publicación científica [The effect size in scien-tific publication]. Educación XX1, 26(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.36276
  • Luceño-Moreno, L., Anghel, A. G., Brabete, A. y Martín-García, J. (2020). The relationship between the process of acculturation and the perception of psychosocial risk in the workplace. Ansiedad y Estrés, 26(2-3), https://doi.or-g/10.1016/j.anyes.2020.02.002
  • Martín, E., González-Navasa, P. y Betancort, M. (2020). Who will go back home? Factor associated with decisions to address family reunification from residential care. Children and Youth Services Review, 109, 104729. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104729
  • Martín, E., González-Navasa, P., Chirino, E. y Castro, J. J. (2020). Social Inclusion and life satisfaction of care leavers. Pedagogía Social. Revista Interuniversitaria, 35, 101-111. https://doi.org/10.7179/PSRI_2020.35.08
  • Mateos-Rodríguez, I. y Dobler, V. (2021). Survivors of hell: resilience amongst unaccompanied minor refugees and im-plications for treatment: a narrative review. Journal of Child and Adolescent Trauma, 14(4), 559-569. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-021-00385-7
  • Melkman, P. (2017). Childhood adversity, social support networks and well-being among youth aging out of care: an exploratory study of mediation. Child Abuse and Neglect, 72, 85-97. https://doi.org/j.chiabu.2017.07.020.
  • Müller, L.R.F., Büter, K. P., Rosner, R. y Unterhitzenberger, J. (2019). Mental health and associated stress factors in accompanied and unaccompanied refugee minors resettled in Germany: a cross-sectional study. Child and Adoles-cent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 13, article number 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-019-0268-1
  • Observatorio de la Infancia (2021). Boletín de datos estadísticos de medidas de protección a la infancia, (número 23). Ministerio de Derechos Sociales y Agenda 2030.
  • Ochoa de Alda, I., Antón, J., Rodríguez, A. y Atabi, H. (2009). La importancia del trabajo con la familia en la atención a menores extranjeros no acompañados. Un estudio piloto [The importance of working with the family in the care of unaccompanied foreign minors. A pilot study]. Apuntes de Psicología, 27(2–3), 427–439.
  • Oppedal, B., Ramberg, V. y Røysamb, E. (2020). The asylum-process, bicultural identity and depression among unac-companied young refugees. Journal of Adolescence, 85, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.07.007
  • Quiroga, V. (2009). Menores migrantes no acompañados: nuevos perfiles, nuevas necesidades. En la Calle: Revista sobre Situaciones de Riesgo Social, 14, 8-14.
  • Revollo, H. W., Qureshi, A., Collazos, F., Valero, S. y Casas, M. (2011). Acculturative stress as a risk factor of depression and anxiety in the Latin American inmigrant population. International Review of Psychiatry, 23(1), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2010.545988
  • Tomás-Sábato, J., Antonin, M., Querashi, A. y Collazos, F. (2007). Construction and preliminary validation of the Barcelona Immigration Stress Scale. Psychological Reports, 100, 1013-1023.
  • UNICEF (2021). Canarias: niños y niñas migrantes en una de las rutas más peligrosas del mundo. UNICEF España.
  • Van Os, E. C. C., Kalverboer, M. E., Zijlstra, A. E., Post, W. J. y Knorth, E. J. (2016). Knowledge of the unknown child: A systematic review of the elements of the best interests of the child assessment for recently arrived refugee children. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 19(3), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-016-0209-y
  • WHO (2022). World mental health report. Transforming mental health for all. World Health Organization.
  • Zijlstra, A. E., Menninga, M. C., Van Os, E. C. C., Rip, J. A., Knorth, E. J. y Kalverboer, M. E. (2019). ‘There is No Mother to Take Care of You’. Views of Unaccompanied Children on Healthcare, Their Mental Health and Rearing Environment. Residential Treatment for Children and Youth, 36(2), 118-136. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2018.1559118
Data source: Dialnet