Patterns of Endemism in Lichens: Another Paradigm-Shifting Example in the Lichen Genus Xanthoparmelia from Macaronesia

  1. Pérez-Vargas, Israel 2
  2. Tuero-Septién, Javier 2
  3. Rancel-Rodríguez, Nereida M. 2
  4. Pérez, José Antonio 3
  5. Blázquez, Miguel 1
  1. 1 Department of Mycology, Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), 28014 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  2. 2 Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of La Laguna, Apdo Postal 456, 38200 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
  3. 3 Instituto Universitario de Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Área de Genética, Universidad de La Laguna, Apdo Postal 456, 38200 La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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Revista:
Journal of Fungi

ISSN: 2309-608X

Año de publicación: 2024

Volumen: 10

Número: 3

Páginas: 166

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3390/JOF10030166 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Journal of Fungi

Resumen

It has long been assumed that lichen-forming fungi have very large distribution ranges, and that endemic species are rare in this group of organisms. This is likely a consequence of the “everything small is everywhere” paradigm that has been traditionally applied to cryptogams. However, the description of numerous endemic species over the last decades, many of them in oceanic islands, is challenging this view. In this study, we provide another example, Xanthoparmelia ramosae, a species that is described here as new to science on the basis of morphological, chemical, and macroclimatic data, and three molecular markers (ITS rDNA, nuLSU rDNA, and mtSSU). The new species is endemic to the island of Gran Canaria but clusters into a clade composed exclusively of specimens collected in Eastern Africa, a disjunction that is here reported for the first time in lichen-forming fungi. Through the use of dating analysis, we have found that Xanthoparmelia ramosae diverged from its closely related African taxa in the Pliocene. This result, together with the reproductive strategy of the species, points to the Relict theory as a likely mechanism behind the disjunction, although the large gap in lichenological knowledge in Africa makes this possibility hard to explore any further.

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