The strategic behaviour of cooperativestheir adaptive cycle

  1. García Pérez, Ana María 1
  2. Yanes Estévez, Vanessa 1
  3. Román Cervantes, Cándido 1
  4. González Dávila, Enrique 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Laguna (España)
Revista:
REVESCO: revista de estudios cooperativos

ISSN: 1135-6618

Año de publicación: 2024

Número: 146

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5209/REVE.93672 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: REVESCO: revista de estudios cooperativos

Resumen

Entre otros factores, los resultados y la competitividad de las cooperativas agroalimentarias dependen de su estrategia (Bijman, 2012; Mckee, 2008; Pashkova, et al., 2009). Esta investigación profundiza en el comportamiento estratégico de las cooperativas siguiendo la tipología estratégica de Miles y Snow (1978). Una contribución importante es que el estudio considera el ajuste (el ciclo adaptativo) dentro y entre las características o problemas que definen el comportamiento estratégico de las cooperativas: problema emprendedor, tecnológico y administrativo. Directivos de cooperativas agroalimentarias de Canarias (España) respondieron a un cuestionario que proporcionó la información necesaria para realizar el análisis. Los resultados muestran que las cooperativas agroalimentarias adoptan un comportamiento estratégico analizador o híbrido que busca equilibrar la eficiencia y el control de costes con la innovación. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los problemas estratégicos en función del tamaño de la cooperativa. Sin embargo, sí surgen diferencias en algunos de los ítems cuando se analizan individualmente. Por ejemplo, en las microempresas, los puestos directivos más altos tienden a estar ocupados más por socios que han promocionado desde dentro de la cooperativa que por profesionales externos. Existe un elevado ajuste estratégico dentro del problema emprendedor, pero bastante escaso ajuste entre este problema y los demás. La planificación estratégica de las cooperativas presenta un ajuste inverso con su organización y con su ámbito de actividad. La tecnología no parece estar alineada con los demás problemas estratégicos, especialmente en lo que respecta a varios aspectos relacionados con el problema administrativo. Así pues, la planificación parece ser el principal punto débil de estas organizaciones. En este trabajo se consideran explícitamente los tres problemas de la tipología de Miles y Snow (1978) y las relaciones entre ellos. Esto nos permite aproximarnos al grado de alineamiento o ajuste entre ellos y llenar así el vacío existente en la literatura estratégica con respecto a las cooperativas.

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