Impact of Non-native Mammalian Herbivores on Insular Plant Communities in the Canary and Balearic Islands

  1. Capó, Miquel
  2. Cursach, Joana
  3. Baraza, Elena
  4. González-Mancebo, Juana María 1
  5. Rita, Juan
  6. del Arco, Marcelino 1
  7. Cubas, Jonay 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Laguna
    info

    Universidad de La Laguna

    San Cristobal de La Laguna, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01r9z8p25

Libro:
Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Herbivore Interactions on Islands

Editorial: Springer

ISSN: 0070-8356 2196-971X

ISBN: 9783031478130 9783031478147

Año de publicación: 2024

Páginas: 97-117

Tipo: Capítulo de Libro

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47814-7_6 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Resumen

Biological invasions are a major cause of loss of biodiversity worldwide, particularly on islands. Introduced mammalian herbivores are among the most threatening of all invasive species, especially goats [Capra hircus (Linnaeus, 1758)],sheep [Ovis orientalis aries (Linnaeus, 1758)], mouflon (Ovis orientalis musimon[Pallas, 1762)], Barbary sheep [Ammotragus lervia (Pallas, 1777)], and rabbits[Oryctolagus cuniculus (Linnaeus, 1758)]. The vulnerability of insular plantcommunities, especially the endemic flora, is strongly influenced by their historic(and present) herbivory context, within which these introduced herbivores haveplayed a key role. The effects of the introduction of mammals such as goats andrabbits are difficult to elucidate, as their introductions occurred thousands(or hundreds) of years ago and data on the previous status of the plantcommunities are not available. However, the present-day impacts of both ofthese herbivores on insular plant communities have been intensively studied.Herbivory can reduce the distribution area and constrain insular endemic speciesto inaccessible areas such as cliffs or islets, which impoverishes the originalinsular ecosystems and changes their species composition. Moreover, the negative effects of these species on the insular native flora have led to thedevelopment of eradication and control programmes on many islands, with theaim to recover and protect native plants. Coordination between policymakers,managers, researchers, hunters and society is crucial in order to identify efficientsolutions to protect and restore insular plant communities, effectively managehunting activities and optimally limit the effects of introduced mammals.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Bailey AM (2015) Animalism. Philos Compass 10:867–883. https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12263
  • Bañares A, Blanca G, Güemes J et al (2004) Atlas y libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid
  • Bañares A, Blanca G, Güemes J et al (2010) Atlas y libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España. Adenda 2010. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino - Sociedad Española de Biología de la Conservación de Plantas, Madrid
  • Bañares A, Blanca G, Güemes J et al (2008) Atlas y libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España. Adenda 2008. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid
  • Barahona F, Rage JC, García-Talavera F (1998) The first record of snakes on the Canary Islands: a vertebra from the Upper Miocene of Lanzarote. Amphib Reptil 19:419–425. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853898X00070
  • Baxter B (1999) Ecologism. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh
  • Bello-Rodríguez V, Cubas J, Del Arco MJ et al (2019) Elevational and structural shifts in the treeline of an oceanic island (Tenerife, Canary Islands) in the context of global warming. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 82:101918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2019.101918
  • Bello-Rodríguez V, Mateo RG, Pellissier L et al (2021) Forecast increase in invasive rabbit spread into ecosystems of an oceanic island (Tenerife) under climate change. Ecol Appl 31:e02206. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2206
  • Beltrán E, Wildpret de la Torre W, Leon Arencibia MC et al (1999) Libro rojo de la flora canaria contenida en la Directiva Hábitats europea. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Medio Rural y Marino, San Cristóbal de la Laguna
  • Bibiloni G, Fraga P, Moragues E et al (2017) Ligusticum huteri. In: Pasta S, Pérez-Graber A, Fazan L, Montmollin B (eds) The Top 50 Mediterranean Island Plants UPDATE 20172. IUCN/SSC/Mediterranean Plant Specialist Group, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
  • Bird P, Mutze G, Peacock D, Jennings S (2012) Damage caused by low-density exotic herbivore populations: the impact of introduced European rabbits on marsupial herbivores and Allocasuarina and Bursaria seedling survival in Australian coastal shrubland. Biol Invasions 14:743–755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-011-0114-8
  • BOIB (2005) Decret 75/2005, de 8 de juliol, pel qual es crea el Catàleg Balear d’Espècies Amenaçades i d’Especial Protecció, les Àrees Biològiques Crítiques i el Consell Assessor de Fauna i Flora de les Illes Balears. Spain
  • BOIB (2008) Resolució del conseller de Medi Ambient de 26 de novembre de 2008 per la qual s’aproven els plans de recuperació de Vicia bifoliolata, d’aus aquàtiques catalogades en Perill d’Extinció de les Illes Balears (Pla Homeyer); el pla de conservació de la flora. Spain
  • Bonafè F (1979) Flora de Mallorca. Editorial Moll, Palma
  • Bover P, Quintana J, Alcover JA (2010) A new species of Myotragus Bate, 1909 (Artiodactyla, Caprinae) from the Early Pliocene of Mallorca (Balearic Islands, western Mediterranean). Geol Mag 147:871–885. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756810000336
  • Bover P, Quintana J, Alcover JA (2008) Three islands, three worlds: paleogeography and evolution of the vertebrate fauna from the Balearic Islands. Quat Int 182:135–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2007.06.039
  • Bover P, Valenzuela A, Torres E et al (2016) Closing the gap: new data on the last documented Myotragus and the first human evidence on Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean Sea). Holocene 26:1887–1891. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683616645945
  • Bried J, Magalhães MC, Bolton M et al (2009) Seabird Habitat restoration on praia islet, Azores Archipelago. Ecol Restor 27:27–36. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.27.1.27
  • Bueno CG, Reiné R, Alados CL, Gómez-García D (2011) Effects of large wild boar disturbances on alpine soil seed banks. Basic Appl Ecol 12:125–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2010.12.006
  • Campbell K, Donlan CJ (2005) Feral goat eradications on islands. Conserv Biol 19:1362–1374. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00228.x
  • Campbell K, Donlan CJ, Cruz F, Carrion V (2004) Eradication of feral goats Capra hircus from Pinta Island, Galápagos, Ecuador. Oryx 38:328–333. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1358
  • Capizzi D (2020) A review of mammal eradications on Mediterranean islands. Mamm Rev 50:124–135. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12190
  • Capó M (2021) Preadaptación y vulnerabilidad de la vegetación de las Islas Baleares frente a la herbivoría de vertebrados no nativos. Universitat de les Illes Balears
  • Capó M, Cursach J, Picorelli V et al (2022) Eradication of feral goats, not population control, as a strategy to conserve plant communities on Mediterranean islets. J Nat Conserv 65:126108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2021.126108
  • Capó M, Cursach J, Rita J (2020) Disentangling the pollination system of the food-deceptive orchid Anacamptis longicornu (Orchidaceae): from breeding system to spatio-temporal variation in reproductive success. Plant Biosyst 154:306–315. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2019.1610110
  • Capó M, Engelbrecht C, Cardona C et al (2021) Mildly toxic shrubs as indicators of goats herbivory gives information for the management of natural landscapes on Mediterranean islands. Sci Total Environ 786:147391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147391
  • Carqué E, Durbán M, Marrero-Gómez M, Bañares-Baudet Á (2004) Influencia de los herbívoros introducidos en la supervivencia de Stemmacantha cynaroides (Asteraceae). Una especie amenazada de las islas Canarias. Vieraea 32:97–105
  • Carrion V, Donlan CJ, Campbell KJ et al (2011) Archipelago-wide island restoration in the galápagos islands: reducing costs of invasive mammal eradication programs and reinvasion risk. PLoS One 6:e18835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018835
  • Castillo C, Rando JC, Zamora JF (1994) Discovery of mummified extinct giant lizards (Gallotia goliath, Lacertidae) in Tenerife, Canary Islands. Bönner Zool Beiträge 45:129–136
  • Caujapé-Castells J, Tye A, Crawford DJ et al (2010) Conservation of oceanic island floras: present and future global challenges. Perspect Plant Ecol Evol Syst 12:107–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppees.2009.10.001
  • Ceballos L, Ortuño F (1951) Estudio sobre la vegetación y la flora forestal de las Canarias Occidentales. Ministerio de Agricultura. Dirección General de Montes, Caza y Pesca Flucial. Instituto Forestal de Investigaciones y Experiencias, Madrid
  • Chapuis J, Barnaud G, Bioret F et al (1995) L’éradication des espèces introduites, un préalable à la restauration des milieux insulaires. Cas des iles françaises. Natures-Sciences-Sociétés 3:53–67
  • Chapuis JL, Frenot Y, Lebouvier M (2004) Recovery of native plant communities after eradication of rabbits from the subantarctic Kerguelen Islands, and influence of climate change. Biol Conserv 117:167–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(03)00290-8
  • Chynoweth MW, Litton CM, Lepczyk CA et al (2013) Biology and impacts of pacific island invasive species. 9. Capra hircus, the feral goat (mammalia: Bovidae). Pac Sci 67:141–156. https://doi.org/10.2984/67.2.1
  • Cooke BD (2012) Rabbits: manageable environmental pests or participants in new Australian ecosystems? Wildl Res 39:279–289
  • Courchamp F, Chapuis JL, Pascal M (2003) Mammal invaders on islands: impact, control and control impact. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 78:347–383
  • Croft DA, Heaney LR, Flynn JJ, Bautista AP (2006) Fossil remains of a new, diminutive Bubalus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Bovini) from Cebu Island, Philippines. J Mammal 87:1037–1051. https://doi.org/10.1644/06-MAMM-A-018R.1
  • Crusafont-Pairo M, Petter F (1964) Un Murine Geant Fossile Des Iles Canaries Canariomys Bravoi Gen. Nov., Sp. Nov. (Rongeurs, Muridés). Mammalia 28:607–612. https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1964.28.4.607
  • Cubas J (2020) El impacto del conejo europeo como ingeniero de ecosistemas en Canarias. PhD thesis, Universidad de la Laguna
  • Cubas J, Irl SDH, Villafuerte R et al (2019) Endemic plant species are more palatable to introduced herbivores than non-endemics. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 286:20190136. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.0136
  • Cubas J, Kluge J, Bello-Rodríguez V et al (2021) Can habitat type predict the abundance of the European rabbits on oceanic islands? Community Ecol 22:93–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42974-021-00039-6
  • Cubas J, Martín-Esquivel JL, del Arco M, González-Mancebo JM (2017) El conejo europeo como ingeniero del paisaje en la alta montaña canaria. Conserv Veg 21:14–17
  • Cubas J, Martín-Esquivel JL, Marrero-Gómez M et al (2022) Climate change causes rapid collapse of a keystone shrub from insular Alpine ecosystems. J Nat Conserv 69:126263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnc.2022.126263
  • Cubas J, Martín-Esquivel JL, Nogales M et al (2018) Contrasting effects of invasive rabbits on endemic plants driving vegetation change in a subtropical alpine insular environment. Biol Invasions 20:793–807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-017-1576-0
  • Cursach J, Moragues E, Rita J (2013) Herbivory and plant competition effects on the population dynamics of Naufraga balearica, a threatened narrow endemic species of the Balearic Islands. Plant Biosyst 147:508–517. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.745456
  • Cursach J, Rita J (2012) Reproductive biology of Ranunculus weyleri (Ranunculaceae), a narrowly endemic plant from the Balearic Islands with disjunct populations. Flora Morphol Distrib Funct Ecol Plants 207:726–735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2012.07.004
  • del Arco M, Rodríguez-Delgado O (2018) Vegetation of the Canary Islands. In: Vegetation of the Canary Islands: plant and vegetation. Springer, pp 83–319
  • de Nascimento L, Nogué S,Naranjo-Cigala A, et al (2020) Human impact and ecological changes during prehistoric settlement on the Canary Islands. Quaternary Sci Rev 239:106332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106332
  • del Valle E, Maldonado J, Sainz H, Sánchez de Dios R (2004) Áreas importantes para la flora amenazada española. In: Bañares A, Blanca G, Güemes J et al (eds) Atlas y Libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid, pp 979–1007
  • Donlan CJ, Tershy BR, Croll DA (2002) Islands and introduced herbivores: conservation action as ecosystem experimentation. J Appl Ecol 39:235–246. https://doi.org/10.1046/J.1365-2664.2002.00710.X
  • Edwards GR, Crawley MJ (1999) Herbivores, seed banks and seedling recruitment in mesic grassland. J Ecol 87:423–435. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00363.x
  • Fernández-Lugo S, Arévalo JR, de Nascimento L et al (2013) Long-term vegetation responses to different goat grazing regimes in semi-natural ecosystems: a case study in Tenerife (Canary Islands). Appl Veg Sci 16:74–83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-109X.2012.01211.x
  • Fernández-Palacios JM (2004) Introducción a las islas. In: Fernández-Palacios JM, Morici C (eds) Island ecology. Asociación Española de Ecología Terrestre, Cabildo Insular de la Palma, pp 21–55
  • Forteza V (2007) Ligusticum huteri. In: Bioatles, 2nd edn. Conselleria de Medi Ambient, Agricultura i Pesca, Palma
  • Galindo JA (1977) Historia de la conquista de las siete islas de Canarias. Ediciones Goya, Santa Cruz de Tenerife
  • Gangoso L, Donázar JA, Scholz S et al (2006) Contradiction in conservation of island ecosystems: plants, introduced herbivores and avian scavengers in the Canary Islands. Biodivers Conserv 15:2231–2248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-7181-4
  • Garzón-Machado V, González-Mancebo JM, Palomares-Martínez A et al (2010) Strong negative effect of alien herbivores on endemic legumes of the Canary pine forest. Biol Conserv 143:2685–2694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2010.07.012
  • Genovesi P, Shine C (2004) European strategy on invasive alien species. Nat Environ 137:1–68
  • Gómez-Aparicio L, Zamora R, Gómez JM (2005) The regeneration status of the endangered Acer opalus subsp. granatense throughout its geographical distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Biol Conserv 121:195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2004.04.019
  • González-Mancebo JM, Cubas J, Bello-Rodríguez V, del Arco M (2019) Cinco siglos de invasión del conejo europeo (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) en ecosistemas árido-secos de Tenerife. Vieraea 46:597–624
  • Hutterer R, Lopez-martinez N, Michaux J (1988) A new rodent from quaternary deposits of the Canary Islands and its relationships with neogene and recent murids of Europe and Africa. Palaeoverlebrala 18:241–262
  • Ibañez-Álvarez M, Santasusana PF, Calleja JA et al (2022) Satellite-based monitoring of primary production in a mediterranean islet post black rat eradication. Remote Sens 14:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14010101
  • Ibáñez M, Gort A, Baraza E, et al (2019) Pattern of territory use by feral goats on insular mediterranean habitats. In: Proceedings of the II Movement Ecology Brazil Meeting. Campo Grande, Brasil
  • Irl SDH, Steinbauer MJ, Babel W et al (2012) An 11-yr exclosure experiment in a high-elevation island ecosystem: introduced herbivore impact on shrub species richness, seedling recruitment and population dynamics. J Veg Sci 23:1114–1125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2012.01425.x
  • Jauregui BM, Rosa-Garcia R, Garcia U et al (2008) Effects of stocking density and breed of goats on vegetation and grasshopper occurrence in heathlands. Agric Ecosyst Environ 123:219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2007.06.004
  • Kreft H, Jetz W, Mutke J et al (2008) Global diversity of island floras from a macroecological perspective. Ecol Lett 11:116–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2007.01129.x
  • Krijgsman W, Hilgen FJ, Raffi I et al (1999) Chronology, causes and progression of the Messinian salinity crisis. Nature 400:652–655. https://doi.org/10.1038/23231
  • Kyncl T, Suda J, Wild J et al (2006) Population dynamics and clonal growth of Spartocytisus supranubius (Fabaceae), a dominant shrub in the alpine zone of Tenerife, Canary Islands. Plant Ecol 186:97–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-006-9115-6
  • Lange RT, Graham CR (1983) Rabbits and the failure of regeneration in Australian arid zone Acacia. Aust J Ecol 8:377–381. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1983.tb01334.x
  • Latorre L, Larrinaga AR, Santamaría L (2013) Combined impact of multiple exotic herbivores on different life stages of an endangered plant endemism, Medicago citrina. J Ecol 101:107–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12005
  • Lenzner B, Latombe G, Capinha C et al (2020) What will the future bring for biological invasions on islands? An expert-based assessment. Front Ecol Evol 8:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2020.00280
  • Limpens A, Serrano E, Rivera-Sánchez L et al (2020) Pellet accumulation as a proxy for herbivore pressure in a mediterranean ecosystem. Rangel Ecol Manag 73:636–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2020.06.011
  • López-i-Gelats F, Alomar D, Baraza E, Bartolomé J (2021) Discourses on rewilding: the case of feral goats in Mallorca. Hum Ecol 49:225–232. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-021-00226-z
  • López-Jurado LF, Mateo JA (1993) A new giant land tortoise from the Pliocene of Gran Canaria (Canary Island). Rev Espaola Herpetol 7:107–111
  • López-Pujol J, Martinell MC, Massó S et al (2013) The “paradigm of extremes”: extremely low genetic diversity in an extremely narrow endemic species, Coristospermum huteri (Umbelliferae). Plant Syst Evol 299:439–446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-012-0732-3
  • Lowe S, Browne M, Boudjelas S, de Poorter M (2004) 100 de las Especies Exóticas Invasoras más dañinas del mundo. Una selección del Global Invasive Species Database
  • Martín-Cáceres K, Santos-Guerra A, Marrero-Gómez MV (2004) Kunkeliella psilotoclada (Svent.) Stearn. In: Bañares A, Blanca G, Güemes J et al (eds) Atlas y libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Madrid, p 66
  • Martín A, Nogales M, Alonso J, et al (2002) Restauración de los Islotes y del Risco de Famara (Lanzarote). San Cristóbal de la Laguna
  • Martín MC, Marrero P, Nogales M (2003) Seasonal variation in the diet of wild rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus on a semiarid Atlantic island (Alegranza, Canarian Archipelago). Acta Theriol (Warsz) 48:399–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03194178
  • Massó S, López-Pujol J, López-Alvarado J et al (2016) One species, one genotype: no genotypic variability in the extremely narrow endemic tetraploid Agrostis barceloi (Gramineae). Plant Syst Evol 302:609–615. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-016-1283-9
  • Mayol J, Alcover JA, Domènech O et al (2017) La cabra, espècie invasora a les Balears. Editorial Lleonard Muntaner, Palma
  • Mayol J, Bibiloni G (2005) Ligusticum huteri. In: de Montmollin B, Strahm W (eds) The Top 50 Mediterranean island plants: wild plants at the brink of extinction, and what is needed to save them. IUCN/SSC/Mediterranean Plant Specialist Group, Gland and Cambridge, pp 20–21
  • Moragues E, Manzano X, Sáez L (2015) Una illa al cim, el cim d’una illa: Singularitat i conservació de la flora vascular del Puig Major. Monogr la Soc d’Historia Nat les Balear 20:69–82
  • Moreno JC (2008) Lista Roja de la flora vascular española. Dirección General de Medio Natural y Política Forestal - SEBICOP, Madrid
  • Muñoz-Gallego R, Fedriani JM, Traveset A (2019) Non-native nammals are the main seed dispersers of the ancient mediterranean palm Chamaerops humilis L. in the Balearic Islands: rescuers of a lost seed dispersal service? Front Ecol Evol 7:161. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00161
  • Muñoz-Gallego R, Fedriani JM, Serra PE, Traveset A (2022) Non-additive effects of two contrasting introduced herbivores on the reproduction of a pollination-specialized palm. Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3797
  • Nogales M, Marrero M, Hernández EC (1992) Efectos de las cabras cimarronas (Capra hircus L.) en la flora endémica de los pinares de Pajonales, Ojeda e Inagua (Gran Canaria). Botánica Macaronésica 19:79–85
  • Nogales M, Nieves C, Illera JC et al (2005) Effect of native and alien vertebrate frugivores on seed viability and germination patterns of Rubia fruticosa (Rubiaceae) in the eastern Canary Islands. Funct Ecol 19:429–436. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0269-8463.2005.00975.x
  • Nogales M, Rodríguez-Luengo JL, Marrero P (2006) Ecological effects and distribution of invasive non-native mammals on the Canary Islands. Mamm Rev 36:49–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2006.00077.x
  • Nogales M, Valido A, Medina FM (1995) Frugivory of Plocama pendula (Rubiaceae) by the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in xerophytic zones of Tenerife (Canary Islands). Acta Oecologica 16:585–591
  • Olano JM, Brito P, González-Rodríguez ÁM et al (2017) Thirsty peaks: drought events drive keystone shrub decline in an oceanic island mountain. Biol Conserv 215:99–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.09.008
  • Palombo MR, Rozzi R, Bover P (2013) The endemic bovids from Sardinia and the Balearic Islands: state of the art. Geobios 46:127–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2012.10.011
  • Pérez de Paz J, Febles R, Férnandez-Palacios Acosta O, Olanga Corral M (2017) Flores y polen. Éxito reproductivo de las angiospermas en Canarias. Origen, evolución y conservación. Rev la Acad Canar las Ciencias XXIX:111–202
  • Pinya S, Lassnig N (2018) First record of free-ranging fallow deer (Dama dama) in Mallorca (Balearic Islands, Spain). Galemys, Spanish J Mammal 30:63–65. https://doi.org/10.7325/galemys.2018.n2
  • Pisanu S, Farris E, Filigheddu R, García MB (2012) Demographic effects of large, introduced herbivores on a long-lived endemic plant. Plant Ecol 213:1543–1553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-012-0110-9
  • Pons A, Rullan O (2014) The expansion of urbanisation in the Balearic Islands (1956-2006). J Mar Isl Cult 3:78–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imic.2014.11.004
  • Priddel D, Carlile N, Wheeler R (2000) Eradication of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) from Cabbage Tree Island, NSW, Australia, to protect the breeding habitat of Gould’s petrel (Pterodroma leucoptera leucoptera). Biol Conserv 94:115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3207(99)00155-X
  • Pulido-Suárez L, Díaz-Peña F, del Pino JN et al (2021) Alteration of soil rhizobial populations by rabbit latrines could impair symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the insular alpine ecosystem of Teide National Park. Appl Soil Ecol 160:103850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2020.103850
  • Rando JC (2003) Protagonistas de una catástrofe silenciosa. El indiferente, 14:4-15.
  • Rando JC (2014) Informe preliminar sobre la situación del ganado asilvestrado en la Red Natura 2000 en Canarias. Santa Cruz de Tenerife
  • Ricketts TH, Dinerstein E, Boucher T et al (2005) Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 102:18497–18501. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0509060102
  • Rita J (2016) Protección del patrimonio natural vs. derecho de los animales: Extirpación de cabras asilvestradas en Es Vedrà (Ibiza, Islas Baleares). Conserv Veg 20:29
  • Rita J, Capó M, Cursach J (2022) Eradication of rabbits from islets is essential for conservation of microinsular vegetation and narrow endangered flora: the case of Medicago citrina (Fabaceae) in s’Espartar islet (Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean Basin). Biodivers Conserv 31:779–796. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-022-02362-4
  • Rita J, Payeras T (2006) Biodiversidad de las plantas vasculares de las Islas Baleares. Orsis Org i Sist 21:41–58
  • Rivera-Sánchez L (2014) Ecología trófica de ungulados en condiciones de insularidad. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
  • Rodríguez-Delgado O, Elena-Rosselló E (2006) Evolución del paisaje vegetal del Parque Nacional del Teide. Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Madrid
  • Roemer GW, Donlan CJ, Courchamp F (2002) Golden eagles, feral pigs, and insular carnivores: how exotic species turn native predators into prey. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 99:791–796. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.012422499
  • Rosenbaum G, Lister GS, Duboz C (2002) Reconstruction of the tectonic evolution of the western Mediterranean since the Oligocene. J Virtual Explor 8:107–130. https://doi.org/10.3809/jvirtex.2002.00053
  • Sáez L, Fraga P, López-Alvarado J (2013) The flora of the Balearic Islands. In: Cardona E, Estaún I, Comas M, Fraga P (eds) Islands and plants: preservation and understanding of flora on Mediterranean. Consell Insular de Menorca, Maó, p 20
  • Sáez L, Roselló JA (2004) Ligusticum huteri (Porta) L. Sáez & Rosselló. In: Bañares A, Blanca G, Güemes J et al (eds) Atlas y Libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Barcelona, pp 204–205
  • Sáez L, Roselló JA, Fraga P (2017) Llibre vermell de la flora vascular de les Illes Balears. Direcció General Espais Naturals i Biodiversitat. Govern de les Illes Balears
  • Sáez L, Rosselló JA (2004) Agrostis barceloi L. Sáez & Rosselló. In: Bañares A, Blanca G, Güemes J et al (eds) Atlas y Libro rojo de la flora vascular amenazada de España. Dirección General de Conservación de la Naturaleza, Barcelona, pp 82–83
  • Sáez L, Rosselló JA (2000) A new species of Agrostis (Gramineae) in the A. alpina complex. Bot J Linn Soc 133:359–370. https://doi.org/10.1006/bojl.1999.0322
  • Salgado-Luarte C, Escobedo VM, Stotz GC et al (2019) Goat grazing reduces diversity and leads to functional, taxonomic, and phylogenetic homogenization in an arid shrubland. L Degrad Dev 30:178–189. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.3208
  • Santamaría L, Larrinaga AR, Latorre L, Pericàs J (2007) Herbívoros exóticos del Archipiélago de Cabrera: Bases para una estrategia de gestión basada en la minimización de impactos
  • Seguí J, López-Darias M, Pérez AJ et al (2017) Species-environment interactions changed by introduced herbivores in an oceanic high-mountain ecosystem. AoB Plants 9. https://doi.org/10.1093/aobpla/plw091
  • Sventenius E (1946) Notas sobre la flora de las Cañadas de Tenerife. Cuaderno/INIA 78:1–284
  • Traveset A, Nogales M, Alcover JA et al (2009) A review on the effects of alien rodents in the Balearic (western Mediterranean sea) and Canary islands (eastern Atlantic ocean). Biol Invasions 11:1653–1670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-008-9395-y
  • Traveset A, Richardson DM (2006) Biological invasions as disruptors of plant reproductive mutualisms. Trends Ecol Evol 21:208–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.01.006
  • Velamazán M, San Miguel A, Escribano R, Perea R (2017) Threatened woody flora as an ecological indicator of large herbivore introductions. Biodivers Conserv 26:917–930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1279-3
  • Vives JA, Baraza YE (2010) La cabra doméstica asilvestrada (Capra hircus) en Mallorca ¿Una especie a erradicar? Galemys 22:193–205
  • Vogel P, Sofianidou T (1996) The shrews of the genus Crocidura on Lesbos, an Eastern Mediterranean Island. Bonner Zool Beiträge 46:339–347
  • Wheeler CT, Dickson JH (1990) Symbiotic nitrogen fixation and distribution of Spartocytisus supranubius on Las Canadas, Tenerife. Rev Vieraea 19:309–314
  • Whittaker RJ, Fernández-Palacios JM (2007) Island Biogeography. Ecology, evolution and conservation. Oxford University Press
  • Winkler DE, Schulz E, Calandra I et al (2013) Indications for a dietary change in the extinct Bovid genus Myotragus (Plio-Holocene, Mallorca, Spain). Geobios 46:143–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geobios.2012.10.010
  • Wood J, Alcover JA, Blackburn T et al (2017) Island extinctions: processes, patterns, and potential for ecosystem restoration. J Environ Conserv 44:348–358. https://doi.org/10.1017/S037689291700039X