Effects of heat stress on reproductive efficiency of high yielding Holstein cows in a hot-arid environment

  1. Miguel Mellado
  2. Edgar Sepulveda
  3. Cesar Meza-Herrera
  4. Francisco G Veliz
  5. Jose R Arevalo
  6. Jesus Mellado
  7. Angeles De Santiago
Revista:
Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias

ISSN: 0120-0690

Año de publicación: 2013

Volumen: 26

Número: 3

Páginas: 193-200

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias

Resumen

Antecedentes: la asociación entre temperaturas ambientales elevadas y alta humedad conduce a fallas reproductivas, disminuyendo la fertilidad de hatos lecheros. Objetivo: determinar el efecto de temperaturas ambientales elevadas sobre el comportamiento reproductivo de vacas Holstein mantenidas en un ambiente árido y cálido y tratadas con hormona del crecimiento (rbST) durante toda la lactancia. Métodos: las variables reproductivas (n=18037 servicios) de una explotación comercial fueron evaluadas con respecto al máximo índice temperatura humedad (THI) antes, durante y después de la inseminación de las vacas. El procedimiento GENMOD de SAS se utilizó para determinar el efecto del THI y el mes de inseminación sobre las tasas de preñez (P/AI). Resultados: el incremento del THI de ≤ 70 a ≥ 95 unidades se asoció con una disminución en el P/AI de 47% a 26%. El P/AI para las vacas inseminadas en días con un ITH de 85 a 90, pero con temperaturas menos cálidas antes de la inseminación, fue de seis puntos porcentuales más altos (30% vs. 36%) que en las vacas expuestas a ITH más altos antes de la inseminación. El P/AI fue mayor (p<0,05) de enero a marzo (39% a 41%) comparado con el resto de los meses del año (27-35%). El número de servicios por preñez fue mayor (p<0,05) de mayo a julio (3,0 a 3,4) que en los otros meses del año (2,1 a 3,0). Conclusiones: en este ambiente extremadamente caliente (temperaturas máximas > 38 °C la mayor parte del año) y árido (promedio de precipitación anual de 230 mm), el estrés calórico poco antes o después de la inseminación disminuye drásticamente las probabilidades de establecer una gestación en vacas de alta producción de leche.

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Fuente de los datos: Dialnet