Aluminium Exposure Through the Diet
- Arturo Hardisson 1
- Consuelo Revert 1
- Dailos González-Weller 1
- Ángel Gutiérrez 1
- Soraya Paz 1
- Carmen Rubio 1
-
1
Universidad de La Laguna
info
ISSN: 2470-1076
Año de publicación: 2017
Volumen: 3
Número: 2
Páginas: 1 - 10
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: HSOA Journal of Food Science and Nutrition
Resumen
Aluminium is one of the most common metals found in the environment and consequently, in food. However, Al levels have been increasing over time due to acidification of the soils and anthropogenic activities. Al is a known neurotoxic agent because this metal tends to accumulate in the brain. Several studies have reported the correlation between Al levels and different diseases such Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, aluminium can interfere with some essential metals. In order to study the toxic risk of Al intake, data on Al levels in several types of food have been compiled and compared with the aim of estimating the total dietary intake of the metal. The most widely used analytical techniques for Al determination were Inductively Coupled Plasma mass Atomic Spectroscopy and Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES and ICP-AES). The highest mean Al content was found in vegetables (16.8 mg/kg), fish and seafood (11.9 mg/kg) and roots and tubers (9.60 mg/kg). The food group with the most notable contribution to tolerable weekly intake were fruits (18.2% adults, 29.4% children) and vegetables (32.5% for adults and children). Al dietary intake can pose a health risk resulting from Al accumulation in the brain caused by long-term intake.
Referencias bibliográficas
- 1. Martinez CS, Alterman CD, Peçanha FM, Vassallo DV, Mello-Carpes PB, et al. (2017) Aluminum Exposure at Human Dietary Levels for 60 Days Reaches a Threshold Sufficient to Promote Memory Impairment in Rats. Neurotox Res 31: 20-30.
- 2. Sjögren B, Iregren A, Elinder CG, Yokel RA (2007) Chapter 17: Aluminum. In: Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg L (eds.). Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, (3rd edn). Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 3. Krewski D, Yokel RA, Nieboer E, Borchelt D, Cohen J, et al. (2007) Human health risk assessment for aluminium, aluminium oxide, and aluminium hydroxide. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 1: 1-269.
- 4. Luis G, Rubio C, Revert C, Espinosa A, González-Weller D, et al. (2015) Dietary intake of metals from yogurts analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). J Food Com Anal 39: 48-54.
- 5. Shaw CA, Tomljenovic L (2013) Aluminum in the central nervous system (CNS): toxicity in humans and animals, vaccine adjuvants, and autoimmunity. Immunol Res 56: 304-316.
- 6. Kumar V, Gill KD (2014) Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in aluminium neurotoxicity and its amelioration: a review. Neurotoxicology 41: 154-166.
- 7. EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) (2011) Statement on the Evaluation on a New Study Related to the bioavailability of aluminum in food. EFSA J 9: 2157.
- 8. Rubio Armendáriz C, García T, Soler A, Gutiérrez Fernández AJ, Glez-Weller D, et al. (2015) Heavy metals in cigarettes for sale in Spain. Environ Res 143: 162-169.
- 9. Davidson T, Ke Q, Costa M (2007) Chapter 5: Selected Molecular Mechanism of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity. In: Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg L (eds.). Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, (3rd edn), Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 10. Bondy SC (2014) Prolonged exposure to low levels of aluminum leads to changes associated with brain aging and neurodegeneration. Toxicology 315: 1-7.
- 11. EFSA (2008) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Food Additives, Flavourings, Processing Aids and Food Contact Material (AFC). EFSA, Parma, Italy.
- 12. FAO/WHO (2011) Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants: seventy-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. WHO Technical Report Series, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland., Pg no: 966.
- 13. Cotton FA, Wilkinson G, Murillo CA, Bochmann M (1999) Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, (6th edn). Wiley-Interscience, New York, USA.
- 14. Nayak P (2002) Aluminum: Impacts and Disease. Environ Res Sec A 89: 101-115.
- 15. Soni MG, White SM, Flamm WG, Burdock GA (2002) Safety Evaluation of Dietary Aluminum. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol 33: 66-79.
- 16. Fernández-Maestre R (2014) Aluminum: Intake, absorption, excretion and toxicity. Rev Costarr Pública 23: 113-118.
- 17. Nolan CR, Califano JR, Butzin CA (1990) Influence of calcium acetate or calcium citrate on intestinal aluminum absorption. Kidney Int 38: 937-941.
- 18. Harrison PM, Arosio P (1996) The ferritins: molecular properties, iron storage function and cellular regulation. Biochim Biophys Acta 1275: 161-203.
- 19. Crichton RR, Florence A, Ward RJ (2002) Aluminium and iron in the brain – prospects for chelation. Coord Chem Rev 228: 365-371.
- 20. Malluche HH (2002) Aluminum and bone disease in chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant 17: 21-24.
- 21. Flaten TP (2001) Aluminium as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease, with emphasis on drinking water. Brain Res Bull 55: 187-196.
- 22. Exley C (2013) Human exposure to aluminium. Environ Sci Processes Impacts 15: 1807-1816.
- 23. Exley C, Vickers T (2014) Elevated brain aluminium and early onset Alzheimer’s disease in an individual occupationally exposed to aluminium: a case report. J Med Case Rep 8: 41.
- 24. Nordberg GF, Fowler BA, Nordberg M, Friberg L (2007) Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, (3rd edn). Academic Press, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- 25. González-Weller D, Gutiérrez AJ, Rubio C, Revert C, Hardisson A (2010) Dietary Intake of Aluminum in a Spanish Population (Canary Islands). J Agric Food Chem 58: 10452-10457.
- 26. WHO (World Health Organization) (2007) Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series: 58. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Pg no:119-207.
- 27. Khanhuathon Y, Siriangkhawut W, Chantiratikul P, Grudpan K (2015) Spectrophotometric method for determination of aluminium content in water and beverage samples employing flow-batch sequential injection system. Journal of Food Comp Anal 41: 45-53.
- 28. Skoog DA, West DM, Holler J, Crouch SR (2008) Fundamentos de Química Analítica, (8a Edición). Cengage Learning.
- 29. Lloyd GR, Ahmad S, Wasim M, Brereton RG (2009) Pattern recognition of Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy of human scalp hair for discriminating between healthy and Hepatitis C patients. Anal Chim Acta 649: 33-42.
- 30. Lewen N, Nugent D (2010) The use of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) in the determination of lithium in cleaning validation swabs. J Pharma Biomed Anal 52: 652-655.
- 31. Rubio C, Napoleone G, Luis-González G, Gutiérrez AJ, González-Weller D, et al. (2017) Metals in edible seaweed. Chemosphere 173: 572-579.
- 32. Makonnen Y, Beauchemin D (2015) Investigation of a measure of robustness in inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochim Acta B 103-104: 57-62.
- 33. Todolí JL, Mermet JM (2006) Sample introduction systems for the analysis of liquid microsamples by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Spectrochim Acta B 61: 239-283.
- 34. Gourier-Fréry C, Fréry N (2004) Aluminium. EMC-Toxicologie Pathologie 1: 79-95.
- 35. Stahl T, Taschan H, Brunn H (2011) Aluminium content of selected foods and food products. Environmental Sciences Europe 23: 37.
- 36. Sweileh JA, Misef KY, El-Sheikh AH, Sunjuk MS (2014) Development of a new method for determination of aluminum (Al) in Jordanian foods and drinks: Solid phase extraction and adsorption of Al3+-D-mannitol on carbon nanotubes. J Food CompAnal 33: 6-13.
- 37. Duggan JM, Dickeson JE, Tynan PF, Houghton A, Flynn JE (1992) Aluminum beverage cans as a dietary source of aluminum. Med J Aust 156: 604-605.
- 38. Schenk RU, Bjorksten J, Yeager L (1989) Composition and consequences of Al in water, beverages and other ingestibles. In: Lewis TE (eds.). Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology of Al. Lewis Publishers Inc, USA.
- 39. Yang Y, Liu Y, Huang CF, de Silva J, Zhao FJ (2016) Aluminium alleviates fluoride toxicity in tea (Camellia sinensis). Plant Soil 402: 179-190.
- 40. Saiyed SM, Yokel RA (2005) Aluminium content of some foods and food products in the USA, with aluminium food additives. Food Addit Contam 22: 234-244.
- 41. MAFF (1999) Total diet study: Aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, selenium, tin and zinc. Food Surveillance Information Sheet. Number 191.
- 42. Greger JL, Goedz W, Sullivan D (1985) Aluminium levels in foods cooked and stored in aluminium pans, trays and foil. J Food Protect. 48: 772-777.
- 43. Pennington JA (1987) Aluminium content of foods and diets. Food Addit Contam 5: 161-232.
- 44. Aubin Ondo J, Menye Biyogo R, Eba F, Prudent P, Fotio D, et al. (2013) Accumulation of soil-borne aluminium, iron, manganese and zinc in plants cultivated in the region of Moanda (Gabon) and nutritional characteristics of the edible parts harvested. J Sci Food Agric 93: 2549-2555.
- 45. Schmitt M, Boras S, Tjoa A, Watanabe T, Jansen S (2016) Aluminium Accumulation and Intra-Tree Distribution Patterns in Three Arbor aluminosa (Symplocos) Species from Central Sulawesi. PLoS ONE 11.
- 46. Singh S, Tripathi DK, Singh S, Sharma S, Dubey NK, et al. (2017) Toxicity of aluminium on various levels of plant cells and organism: A review. Environmental and Experimental Botany 137: 177-193.
- 47. Dlugaszek M, Kopczy?ski K (2014) Correlations Between Elements in the Fur of Wild Animals. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 93: 25-30.
- 48. Leblanc JCH, Guérin T, Noël L, Calamassi-Tran G, Volatier JL, et al. (2005) Dietary exposure estimates of 18 elements from the 1st French Total Diet Study. Food Addit Contam 22: 624-641.
- 49. Elbarbary HA, Hamouda AF (2013) Variations in some heavy metals’ level during processing of soft cheese. J Food Meas Charact 7: 194-198.
- 50. Dorta P, Rubio C, Lozano G, González-Weller D, Gutiérrez A, et al. (2015) Metals in Mullus surmuletus and Pseudupeneus prayensis from the Canary Islands (Atlantic Ocean). J Food Prot 78: 2257-2263.
- 51. Afonso A, Gutiérrez AJ, Lozano G, González-Weller D, Rubio C, et al. (2017) Determination of toxic metals, trace and essential, and macronutrients in Sarpa salpa and Chelon labrosus: risk assessment for the consumers. Environ Sci Pollut Res 24: 10557-10569.
- 52. Özden, O (2010) Micro, macro mineral and proximate composition of Atlantic bonito and horse mackerel: a montly differentiation. Int J Food Sci Technol 45: 578-586.
- 53. Küpeli T, Altundag H, Imamo?lu M (2014) Assessment of trace element levels in muscle tissues of fish species collected from river, stream, lake, and sea in Sakarya, Turkey. ScientificWorldJournal.
- 54. Rivas A, Peña-Rivas L, Ortega E, López-Martínes C, Olea-Serrano F, et al. (2014) Mineral Element Contents in Commercially Valuable Fish Species in Spain. The Scientific World Journal. Pg no: 1-7.
- 55. Türkmen A, Türkmen M, Tepe Y, Akyurt I (2005) Heavy metals in three commercially valuable fish species from Iskenderun Bay, Northern East Mediterranean Sea, Turkey. Food Chem 91: 167-172.
- 56. Villanueva R, Bustamante P (2006) Composition in essential and non-essential elements of early of cephalopods and dietary effects on the elemental profiles of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae. Aquaculture 261: 225-240.
- 57. Choi JY, Habte G, Khan N, Nho EY, Hong JH, et al. (2014) Determination of toxic heavy metals in Echinodermata and Chordata species from South Korea. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill 7: 295-301.
- 58. Larrea-Marín MT, Pomares-Alfonso MS, Gómez-Juaristi M, Sánchez-Muniz FJ (2010) Validation of an ICP-OES method for macro and trace elements determination in Laminaria and Porphira seaweeds from four different countries. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23: 814-820.
- 59. Larrea-Marín MT, Pomares-Alfonso MS, Gómez-Juaristi M, Sánchez-Muniz FJ (2010) Validation of an ICP-OES method for macro and trace elements determination in Laminaria and Porphira seaweeds from four different countries. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 23: 814-820.
- 60. Khan N, Ryu KY, Choi JY, Nho EY, Habte G,et al. (2015) Determination of toxic and heavy metals and speciation of arsenic in seaweeds from South Korea. Food Chem 169: 464-470.
- 61. Bosch AC, O’Neill B, Sigge GO, Kerwath SE, Hoffman LC (2015) Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review. J Sci Food Agric 96: 32-48.
- 62. Salvo A, Cicero N, Vadalà R, Mottese AF, Bua D, et al. (2015) Toxic and essential metals determination in comercial seafood: Paracentrotus lividus by ICP-MS. Nat Prod Res 30: 657-664.
- 63. Birchall JD, Exley C, Chappell JS, Phillips MJ (1989) Acute toxicity of aluminium to fish eliminated in silicon-rich acid water. Nature 338: 146-148.
- 64. Poléo ABS (1995) Aluminium polymerization – a mechanism of acute toxicity of aqueous aluminium to fish. Aquatic Toxicol 31: 347-356.
- 65. Bustamante P, Teyssié JL, Fowler S, Cotret O, Danis B, et al. (2002) Biokinetics of cadmium and zinc accumulation and depuration at different stages in the life cycle of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 231: 167-177.
- 66. Pereira P, Raimundo J, Vale C, Kadar E (2009) Metal concentrations in digestive gland and mantle of Sepia officinalis from two coastal lagoons of Portugal. Science of The Total Environment 407: 1080-1088.
- 67. Taylor VF, Jackson BP (2016) Concentration and speciation of arsenic in New England seaweed species harvested for food and agriculture. Chemosphere 163: 6-13.
- 68. AESAN (2006) Modelo de dieta española para la determinación de la exposición del consumidor a sustancias químicas. Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo, Madrid.