Aproximación a la semántica del contrafactual

  1. Mabel Alejandra Urrutia Martínez 1
  2. Manuel de Vega Rodríguez 1
  1. 1 Universidad de La Laguna Facultad de Psicología Departamento de Psicología Cognitiva, Social y Organizacional
Journal:
Estudios filológicos

ISSN: 0071-1713

Year of publication: 2012

Issue: 49

Pages: 157-173

Type: Article

DOI: 10.4067/S0071-17132012000100010 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Estudios filológicos

Abstract

The current study explores some fundamental aspects of counterfactuals, such us their functions in causal reasoning, scientific argument, and modulation and amplification of emotions. This study also describes the various types of counterfactuals, and the individual differences in their production and comprehension. Subsequently, the main theories and researches related to the dual meaning of counterfactuals were carried out, for example, mental models, propositional reasoning theories, or suppositional theory. Finally, special attention was given to the few investigations that have been made in the feld of psycholinguistics, concerned with the comprehension of counterfactuals.

Bibliographic References

  • Atkinson, L,Bell, D,Feeney, A. (2009). The relationship between counterfactual thinking and emotional reactions to event outcomes: Does one account fit all?". Psychonomic Bulletin ... Review. 16. 724-728
  • Byrne, R. (2002). Mental models and counterfactual thoughts about what might have been. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 6. 426-431
  • Byrne, R. (2005). The rational imagination: How people create alternatives to reality. MIT Press. Cambridge^eM. A M. A.
  • Byrne, R,Girotto, V. (2009). Handbook of imagination and mental simulation. Psychology Press. New York.
  • Byrne, R,Tasso, A. (1999). Deductive reasoning with factual, possible, and counterfactual conditionals. Memory & Cognition. 27. 309-323
  • De Vega, M,Urrutia, M,Riffo, B. (2007). Cancelling updating in the comprehension of counterfactuals embedded in narratives. Memory & Cognition. 35. 1410-1421
  • Evans, J. (2006). The heuristic analytic theory of reasoning: Extension and evaluation. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 13. 378-395
  • Evans, J,Over, D,Handley, S. (2005). Supositions, Extensionality, and Conditionals: A Critique of the mental model theory of Johnson-Laird and Byrne (2002). Psychological Review. 112. 1040-1052
  • Fauconnier, G. (1994). Mental spaces: Aspects of meaning construction in natural language. Cambridge University Press. New York.
  • Fauconnier, G,Sweetser, E. (1996). Spaces worlds and grammar. The University of Chicago Press. Chicago.
  • Ferguson, H.J,Sanford, A.J. (2008). Anomalies in real and counterfactual worlds: An eye-movement investigation. Journal of Memory and Language. 58. 609-626
  • Ferguson, H.J,Sanford, A.J,Leuthold, H. (2008). Eye-movements and ERPs reveal the time course of processing negation and remitting counterfactual worlds. Brain Research. 1236. 113-125
  • García, J. (2009). Condición e hipótesis: Más allá de lo real y lo irreal. Revista de Lingüística y Lenguas Aplicadas. 4. 79-88
  • Gilovich, T,Medvec, V. (1994). The temporal pattern to the experience of regret. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 67. 357-365
  • Gusnard, D. A,Akbudak, E,Shulman, G. L,Raichle, M. E. (2001). Medial prefrontal cortex and self-referential mental activity: relation to a default mode of brain function. Proceedings of the National Academic of the Sciences. 98. 4259-4264
  • Harris, P.L,German, T.P,Mills, M. (1996). Children' s use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning. Cognition. 61. 223-259
  • Haynes, J-D,Sakai, K,Rees, G,Gilbert, S,Frith, C,Passingham, D. (2007). Reading hidden intentions in the human brain. Current Biology. 17. 323-328
  • Jasper, J,Barry, K,Christman, S. (2008). Individual differences in counterfactual production. Personality and individual differences. 45. 488-492
  • Johnson-Laird, P.N,Byrne, R.M.J. (2002). Conditionals: a theory of meaning, pragmatics, and inference. Psychological Review. 109. 646-678
  • Kahneman, D,Tversky, A. (1982). Judgement under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Cambridge University Press. New York.
  • Kahneman, D. (1995). What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. Lawrence erlbaum associates, publishers. Mahwah^eNew Jersey New Jersey.
  • Kasimatis, M,Wells, G. (1995). What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. Mahwah^eNew Jersey New Jersey.
  • Kray, L.J,Gelfand, M. (2009). Relief Versus Regret: The Effect of Gender and Negotiating Norm Ambiguity on Reactions to Having One' s First Offer Accepted". Social Cognition. 27. 418-436
  • Leslie, A. (1987). Pretense and Representation: The origins of "theory of mind". Psychological Review. 94. 412-426
  • Leslie, A,Friedman, O,German, T. (2004). Core mechanisms in" theory of mind'. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 8. 528-533
  • Macmullen, M,Markman, K,Gavanski, I. (1995). What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. Lawrence Erlbaum. Mahwah^eNew Jersey New Jersey.
  • Mandel, D.R. (2003). Effect of counterfactual and factual thinking on causal judgements. Thinking and Reasoning. 9. 245-265
  • Markman, K.D,Karadogan, F,Lindberg, M.J,ZELL, E. (2009). Handbook of imagination and mental simulation. Psychology Press. New York.
  • Roese, N,Olson, J. (1995). What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Mahwah^eNew Jersey New Jersey.
  • Roese, N,Olson, J. (1997). Advances in experimental social psychology. Academic Press. San Diego^eCA CA.
  • Roese, N. J,Sanna, L. J,Galinsky, A. D. (2005). The New Unconscious. Oxford University Press. New York.
  • Roese, N. (2005). If only: How to turn regret into opportunity. Broadway Books. New York.
  • Santamaría, C,Espino, O,Byrne, R. (2005). Counterfactual and semifactual conditionals prime alternative possibilities. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition. 31. 1149-1154
  • Searle, J. (1980). Minds, brains and programs. Behavioral and brain sciences. 3. 417-457
  • Sirois, R. (2004). Procrastination and counterfactual thinking: Avoiding what might have been. British Journal of Social Psychology. 43. 269-286
  • Spellman, B,Mandel, D. (1999). When possibility informs reality: Counterfactual thinking as a cue to causality. Current Directions In Psychological Sciences. 8. 120-123
  • Stewart, A. J,Haigh, M,Kidd, E. (2009). An investigation into the en-linea processing of counterfactual and indicative conditionals. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 62. 2113-2125
  • Thompson, V,Byrne, R. (2002). Reasoning Counterfactually: Making inferences about things that didn' t happen. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 28. 1154-1170
  • Urrutia, M,Marrero, H,Castillo, M.D,Hernández, J.A,De Vega, M. (2009). Individual differences in the comprehension of counterfactual stories. An ERP study. Nineteenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Text and Discourse. Rotterdam.
  • Urrutia, M,Gennari, S,De Vega, M. (2010). Counterfactuals in action: An fMRI study. Congreso Embodied Mind: Perspectives and Limitations. Nijmegen.
  • Wells, G. L,Gavanski, I. (1989). Mental simulation of causality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 53. 421-430
  • West, W.C,Holcomb, P.J. (2000). Imaginal, semantic, and surface-level: Processing of concrete and abstract words: An electrophysiological Investigation. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience. 12. 1024-1037
  • Wong, E.M,Galinsky, A.D,Kray, L.J. (2009). Handbook of imagination and mental simulation. Psychology press. New York.