Environmental valuation by the local population and visitors for zoning a protected area

  1. Díaz, P. 1
  2. Schmitz, M. F. 2
  3. Santana, A. 1
  4. Rodríguez, A. J. 1
  5. Pineda, F. D. 2
  6. Ruiz-Labourdette, D. 2
  7. Matos, D. G. G. 2
  1. 1 Universidad de La Laguna
    info

    Universidad de La Laguna

    San Cristobal de La Laguna, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01r9z8p25

  2. 2 Complutense University, Spain
Actas:
Sustainable Tourism VI

ISBN: 9781845648008

Año de publicación: 2014

Tipo: Aportación congreso

DOI: 10.2495/ST140131 GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Resumen

Protected natural areas have traditionally played an important role in tourist destinations. There are over one hundred thousand of these areas throughout the world and to date, their landscapes and biodiversity have constituted the main factor attracting visitors. Although these components have not lost their power to attract, many tourist destinations now highlight the relationship between nature and traditional culture. On one hand, the planning and management of natural areas have fundamentally been based on biophysical aspects; hence, their name. But, on the other, the socioeconomic perspective is of great importance and should be incorporated further into this management. The professional field of the sciences of ‘nature’, which so far has played a major role in these areas, along with the disciplines of social sciences and humanities, faces the challenge of integrating their analysis methods, which can be directly applied to an understanding of the dynamics of present-day tourism. This integration could consider protected areas and territories beyond their physical boundaries. Our team, with experience in the development of environmental analysis models applied to the zoning and subsequent declaration of these areas, has proposed a new procedure for evaluating carrying capacities and tourism potentialities, integrating environmental (landscape), anthropological (local society and visitors) and socioeconomic (living standard and quality of life of local population) perspectives. The research relates this kind of components through multivariate analyses, geo-referenced databases and questionnaires. The pathway of the model is landscape functioning (ecosystem) and its function for society (ecosystem services).

Referencias bibliográficas

  • [1]Forman, R.T.T. & M. Godron, Patches and Structural Components for a Landscape Ecology.BioScience 31(10): 733–740. 1981.
  • [2]McHarg, I.L. Design with nature. Doubleday & Company INC: Garden City. NY. 1969.
  • [3]Leopold, L.R., Clark, F.A., Henshaw, B.R. & Balsey, J.R. A Procedure for Evaluation of Environmental Impacts. US Depart. Interior. Geological Surveys Circular 645. USGS, IANA S 946 L45, Washington. 1971.
  • [4]Montalvo, J., Sanz, L.R., De Pablo, C.L. & Pineda, F.D. Impact Minimization through Environmentally-based Site Selection: a Multivariate Approach.Journal of Environmental Management 38(1): 13–25. 1993.
  • [5]SCBD. COP 10 Decision X/2. Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Nagoya, Japan). 2010.
  • [6]Le Saout S., Hoffmann M., Shi, Y., Hughes, A., Bernard, C., Brooks, T.M., Bertzky, B., Butchart, S.H.M., Stuart, S.N., Badman, T. & Rodrigues, A.S.L. Protected areas and effective biodiversity conservation.Science 342: 803–805. 2013.
  • [7]Schmitz, M.F. (ed.). Tourism and Natural protected Areas. WIT Press, Southampton. 139 pp. 2013.
  • [8]Hernández, C.C. La evolución del relieve de Fuerteventura. Cabildo Insular, Puerto del Rosario. 1992.
  • [9]Paredes, R. & Rodriguez, R. (eds.) Fuerteventura. RAI Ediciones, Antigua. 2002.
  • [10]Pineda, F.D. (dir.). Estudio para el Plan de Ordenación de los Recursos Naturales (PORN) de la propuesta de Parque Nacional de Fuerteventura. Primera Fase. (Proy. 314/2006; 228/2008, UCM). Puerto del Rosario-Madrid-La Laguna, Cabildo de Fuerteventura. 2010.
  • [11]Matos, D.G.G., Ruiz-Labourdette, Schmitz, M.F. & Pineda, F.D.Ecological zoning of a homogeneous territory. Ecological indicators, 2014 (reviewing).
  • [12]Burriel, E. Canarias: población y agricultura en una sociedad dependiente. Oikos-tau, Barcelona. 1981.
  • [13]Pineda, F. D., Escudero, J. C, Hiraldo, F., García-Novo, F., Bernáldez, F. G., Merino, J., Ramírez, L., Ramos, A., Ribero, J. C., Sancho, F. & Sainz, H. Terrestrial ecosystems adjacent to large reservoirs. Ecological survey and impact diagnosis, in XI Congress of Internatational Commission on Large Dams: “ICOLD 73” Dirección General de Obras Hidráulicas. Centro de Estudios Hidrográficos: Madrid. p. 38. 1974.
  • [14]Roberts, R.D. & Roberts, T.M. (eds.) Planning and Ecology. Chapman and Hall, London, 1984.
  • [15]Hernández, S. & Pineda, F.D. (dirs.). Escultura de Eduardo Chillida “Montaña de Tindaya” (Isla de Fuerteventura). Informe para la Consejería de Medio Ambiente y Ordenación Territorial, Gobierno de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife. 2007.
  • [16]Ruiz-Labourdette, D., Schmitz, M.F., Montes, C. & Pineda, F.D. Zoning a protected area: proposal based on a multi-thematic approach and final decision. Environmental Modeling and Assessment 15: 531–547. 2010a.
  • [17]Díaz, P., Ruiz-Labourdette, D., Darias, A.R., Santana, A., Schmitz, M.F. & Pineda, F.D. Landscape perception of local population: the relationship between ecological characteristics, local society and visitor preferences. In: C.A. Brebbia & F.D. Pineda (eds.). Sustainable Tourism IV. Wit Press, Boston: 309–317. 2010.
  • [18]Ruiz-Labourdette, D., Díaz, P., Rodríguez, A.J., Santana, A., Schmitz, M.F. & Pineda, F.D. Scales and scenarios of change in the anthropology-landscape relationship: models of cultural tourism in Fuerteventura (Canary Isles).In: S. Favro & C.A. Brebbia (eds.). Island Sustainability. Wit Press, Southampton: 51–63. 2010b.
  • [19]Rodríguez, A. J., Díaz, P., Ruiz Labourdette, D., Pineda, F.D., Schmitz, M. F. & Santana, A. Selection, design and dissemination of Fuerteventura’s projected tourism image (Canary isles). In: S. Favro & C.A. Brebbia (eds.). Island Sustainability. Wit Press, Southampton: 13–24. 2010.
  • [20]Aguilera, P., Schmitz, M.F., de Aranzabal, I., Castro, H. & Pineda, F.D. Characterization of visitors to natural areas in the Southeast of Spain. In: F.D. Pineda & C.A. Brebbia (eds). Sustainable tourism. Witt Press, Boston: 333–340. 2004.
  • [21]Schmitz, M.F., Ruiz Labourdette, D., Sañudo, P.F., Montes, C. & Pineda, F.D. Participation of visitors in the management design of protected natural areas. In: C.A. Brebbia & F.D. Pineda (eds.). Sustainable tourism II. WIT Press, Boston: 139–148. 2006.
  • [22]Schmitz, M.F., de Aranzabal, I. & Pineda, F.D. Spatial analysis of visitor preferences in the outdoor recreational niche of Mediterranean cultural landscapes. Environmental Conservation 34(4): 300–312. 2007.
  • [23]De Aranzabal, I., Schmitz, M.F., Aguilera, P., Pineda, F.D. Modelling of landscape changes derived from the dynamics of socio-ecological systems.A case of study in a semiarid Mediterranean landscape.Ecological Indicators 8: 672–685. 2008.
  • [24]De Aranzabal, I., Schmitz, M.F. & Pineda, F.D. Integrating landscape analysis and planning: a multi-scale approach for oriented management of tourist recreation.Environmental Management 44: 938–951. 2009.
  • [25]INE. Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España (INE). Censo de Población y viviendas, Madrid. 2010.
  • [26]Zee, D. The complex relationship between landscape and recreation. Landscape Ecology 4(4):225–236. 1990.
  • [27]OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation & Development). How’s Life? 2013. Measuring Well-being. 2013.
  • [28]Haase, G. Approaches to, and methods of landscape diagnosis as a basis of landscape planning and landscape management.Ekológia 9: 11–29. 1990.
  • [29]Bastian, O. Landscape classification in Saxony (Germany) – a tool for holistic regional planning.Landscape and Urban Planning 50: 145–155. 2000.
  • [30]Schmitz , M.F., De Aranzabal, I., Aguilera, P., A. Rescia & Pineda, F.D. Relationship between landscape typology and socioeconomic structure. Scenarios of change in spanish cultural landscapes.Ecological Modelling 168: 343–356. 2003.
  • [31]Bastian, O., R. Krönert, & Z. Lipský. Landscape diagnosis on different space and time scales – a challenge for landscape planning.Landscape Ecology 21: 359–374. 2006.
  • [32]Lorenzo, J.A. (ed.). Atlas de las aves nidificantes en el archipiélago canario. M. Medio Ambiente- SEO/Birdlife, Madrid. 2007.
  • [33]Del Arco, M. (ed.). Mapa de Vegetación de Canarias. GRAFCAN, S.C. de Tenerife. 2006.
  • [34]Rodríguez-Delgado, O. (ed.). Patrimonio Natural de la isla de Fuerteventura. Cabildo de Fuerteventura, Puerto del Rosario. 2005.
  • [35]Schmitz, M.F., Sánchez, I.A. & De Aranzabal, I. Influence of management regimes of adjacent land uses on the woody plant richness of hedgerows in Spanish cultural landscapes. Biological Conservation 135: 542–554. 2007.
  • [36]Schmitz, M.F., Matos, D.G.G., De Aranzabal, I., Ruiz Labourdette, D. & Pineda, F.D. Effects of a protected area on land-use dynamics and socioeconomic development of local populations. Biological Conservation149: 122–135. 2013.